*Minerals in their natural form in Raw Food are easily Metabolized by the Body, as in Nature they are in balance with the other Acids, Enzymes, Minerals & Vitamins. Excesses are easily excreted but their Synthetic counterparts hold on in the Tissues causing Health Conditions.

Found in minute amounts and not yet fully understood but most are found in the Glandular System. Main Source: Seaweed Meal. Important: Boron, Copper, Cobalt, Selenium & Zinc. Others: Arsenic, Aluminium, Mercury, Nickel, Silver & Tin.

                                               Minerals  - A - L

ALUMINIUM: is a Trace Mineral. Found in Alfalfa - Lucerne.

BORON: is a Trace Mineral. Found in Alfalfa - Lucerne. Best Natural Source - Seaweed then Garlic & Apple Cider Vinegar. Deficient in Australian Soils due to unbalanced Soils caused by Artificial Fertilizers. Small amounts required for Calcium & Magnesium to be correctly metabolized or Arthritic Conditions will develop. Symptoms: Creaking Joints.

BROMINE: is a Trace Mineral. Found in Alfalfa - Lucerne.

CALCIUM: 800mg. The Body is composed of more Calcium then any other Mineral and it is crucial to the strengthening of Bones & Teeth and to transport other Nutrients into the individual Cells. Regular short Sun baths of no more then 15 minutes at a time and not during the middle of the day are essential for Calcium to be absorbed by the Body. Calcium corrects Allergic reactions, metabolizes Iron, maintains strong Bones, Teeth & Blood Coagulation, regulates the Heart, alleviates Insomnia, aids the Nervous System & Muscles. Calcium is necessary for Bone growth, Blood coagulation, Digestion, Heart Muscle, Metabolic rate, processing the Acid - Alkaline balance, Enzyme activity and the Muscular & Nervous Systems. It acts in conjunction with Magnesium and must be kept in balance. Excess Calcium without Magnesium damages both Plant & Animal Systems by lowering their resistance to Viral attacks. The most economical way to supplement natural Calcium is High Grade Dolomite, which includes natural Magnesium. Calcium: is found in Almonds, Avocado, Cheese, Chick Peas, Clover, Figs, Fish, Fried Beans, Green Feed, Lucerne, Milk, lean Meat, Blackstrap Molasses,  Fish, Organic Feeds, Peanuts, Nuts, Raisins, Salmon (with bone) Sardines, Seaweed, Sesame Seeds - Shelled out as it is too hard to get Calcium otherwise, Soybean Meals / Soy Milk, Sunflower Seeds, Tahini - unhulled, fresh green Vegetables, Walnuts, Wheat Grass & Yoghurt. N.B: Honey preserves Calcium Metabolism. Deficient Soils: produce deficient Feed and this along with Artificial Fertilizers affects the Calcium levels. This creates Arthritis, uneven Bone growth / Rickets, Open Knees, Poor Teeth, a general lack of Well Being and a susceptibility to Cold, Lactation Conditions / Milk Fever, Mastitis and low Milk production. N.B: Milk Powder is not a good way to provide Calcium as it is difficult to Digest as it has Insoluble by-products and produces Arthritic Conditions. N.B: If Calcium Carbonate & Dicalcium Phosphate are fed they should only be included for one or two weeks - Ground Limestone is safer. To assimilate Calcium: Boron & Vitamins A & D are necessary. Deficiency Signs: Acne, Aching Limbs, Cold Sores, Eczema, Inflammation of the weak Bones, Itchiness, Osteoporosis, excessive Perspiration, Rickets - Malformed Bones, extreme deficiency causes Poor Teeth, and Vascular Conditions.

Calcium & Magnesium: If there is an excess of Calcium in the Soil then Magnesium will be required to create a balance. Magnesium acts with Calcium for the formation of a resistant enamel for healthy Teeth. Calcium & Magnesium occur together in Artesian Bores. N.B: Do not overdo as this can deplete Cobalt, Copper & Manganeze. African Grasses have high Oxalate levels, which also deplete Calcium & Magnesium. Town water containing Sodium Fluoride renders Magnesium & Calcium inert and unobtainable in the Gut. Too much Calcium causes a depletion of Magnesium and vice versa. Do not feed Calcium Carbonate / Ground Limestone in the feed as this will cause Magnesium Loss.

    Dolomite, which see under separate cover, from Mudgee in N.S.W. is Calcium combined with Magnesium in the correct ratio Ca Co 63% - Mg Co 35% as 24% Carbonate & 10% Carbonate respectively. This is essential for Plant foods as it reduces Acidity in Clay more then Sandy soils and neutralizes the Acid effect of pre - using heavy applications of Chemical fertilizers. It increases the pH of Acid soil releasing the nutrients including Calcium, Magnesium, Molybdenum, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium & Sulphur. It prevents Aluminum, Iron & Manganese toxicity and improves soil structure, hastening the decomposition of Raw Organic matter as it has 98% neutralizing value.

CHROMIUM: A Trace Mineral that assists to prevent Diabetes & High Blood Pressure and aids Growth. Deficiency Signs: Arteriosclerosis - hardening of the Arteries, Diabetes - Disorder of the Pancreas or the Hypothalamus Glands. Chromium is found in Alfalfa - Lucerne, Brewer's Yeast, Chicken & Clams, Corn Oil, Meat, Shellfish.

CHLORIDE: Chlorinated water destroys Intestinal Bacteria, aids Digestion and promotes healthy Hair & Teeth. Deficiency Signs: Poor Digestion, Poor Hair & Teeth. Chloride is found in Kelp - Seaweed, Olives, Salt & Yoghurt.

COBALT: Builds  healthy Bones & Red Blood Cells and assists to prevent Anaemia. Cobalt is synthesized in the Gut into Vitamin B12 except when under extreme Stress, Illness or when given Anti - Biotics. Cobalt is found in Clams, Kidneys, Liver, Meat, Milk & Oysters. Deficiency: Is rare, but if so, the Horse will be below par in health with a depleted Appetite and a susceptibility to Cold and unwilling to move. There is a subnormal Temperature and also a lack of Bone growth in Young Foals. If both Cobalt & Copper - both are required for healthy Red Blood Cells - are missing the Aanaemia will be worse. Causes: Overuse of Artificial Fertilizers, excess Molybdenum from over top dressing or a lack of Cobalt in the Soil. Treatment: Inject Vitamin B12 to re - activate, as it is Water Soluble and completely safe as the Body excretes any excess.  Dosage: Large Horse - 10 to 20 cc. Foal - 10 cc, which encourages the Horse to eat after Illness & Stress especially after Anti - Biotics are given, which also causes depleted Appetites. Cobalt is found in Seaweed & Rosehips.                                                                                  N.B: Cobalt Sulphate is extremely Toxic and should not be given in excess of a 1 / 4 of a teaspoon per Adult Horse per week. (Better to add Seaweed Meal to the Diet, as it is safer containing Cobalt in Organic form. N.B: If the Soil is Cobalt deficient the p.H. must be improved to reach 6.0 + plus before it is top - dressed with Cobalt. (Usually by then it is in balance.)

COLLOIDIDAL SILVER: was used as an Anti - Biotic in the early 19th Century and is now in use once again.

COPPER: creates optimum Health ensuring a healthy Immune System, Disease resistance, especially Internal Parasites, Queensland Itch and Fungal such as Greasy Heel / Mud Fever, Ringworm & Seedy Toe. Copper reaches the Bloodstream within 15 minutes of Digestion, and is essential for the utilization of Vitamin C, aids in Pigmentation, a factor of Hair & Skin and aids in effective Iron absorption. Copper is found in most dried Beans, Peas, Calf & Beef Liver, Prunes, Peas, Shrimp / Prawns, whole Wheat.  Seaweed Meal contains Copper and can be utilized to gain a trace Mineral. Copper is found in Garlic, Dandelion, Parsley, Red Clover, Rosehip Granules – Rosa Canina, which is very high in Copper and to give extra Copper safely, and Seaweed. N.B: Australian Soils are Deficient in Copper and is also caused by Chemical farming methods and a lack of the Soil to take it up inhibited by Super Phosphate.

Horses: A black - dark Horse requires 6 times more Copper then a Light coloured Horse with Black Horses suffering from these problems more frequently. Deficiency Signs: Abscesses, Anaemia, Brittle Hair, a lack of colour in the Hair, Fence & Tail chewing in Horses, Fertility Conditions, Fungal Skin Conditions, Oedema - excessive fluid in the Tissues, abnormal swelling), Scouring, Saggy Skin around the Eyes, Thrush, Seedy Toe and heavy Worm infestations in Horses. Horses chewing Fences, bark or other wood - are looking for Copper, which the deep - rooted trees always contain even if the Pastures are deficient in it. Copper absorbs Iron and although Australia is high in Iron Anaemia is the most common condition in all livestock. It is better to try and rectify the Anaemia by treating the basic cause, which is either Red Worms or a lack of Copper. (Iron Tonics destroy Vitamin E with Ironcyclin the safest to use.)

N.B: Copper is highly Toxic and High Grade Dolomite is the natural Antidote and the Horse should receive 1 x Dessertspoon full of Dolomite daily in its feed to correct this. An excess of Copper also suppresses Zinc. Copper is fed as Copper Sulphate / Bluestone as Copper Carbonate should only be used for top - dressing the paddock, as it is twice as strong as Copper Sulphate. Oral Copper Poisoning: Add Dolomite to the feed as an Antidote with 2 x Tablespoons given at a time in a Drench. Treatment: For persistent Fence Chewing by Horses add 1 x teaspoon of Copper Sulphate in the daily ration for a day or two until the Horse stops this activity and then reduce it to a 1/4 of a teaspoon daily. Or for a long term preventative treatment 2 x Tablespoons of Rosehip Granules, twice daily for a 450 kg Horse as well as Seaweed Meal, which is the best to use. Calcium & Silica are also important Minerals for the Feet.

DOLOMITE: Use only High Grade at the rate of 1 x Tablespoon twice a day for a 450 kg Horse as it supplies Calcium, Magnesium and a little Silica.

EPSOM SALTS / See Magnesium Sulphate.

FLUORINE: is a Tissue strengthener, Synthetic Fluorine is a Toxic Poison, natural Fluorine is beneficial and strengthens the Bones & Teeth. Fluorine is found in Beets, Cabbage, Egg White, Garlic, Gelatin, Lettuce, Radishes, Seafood & Whole Wheat. Deficiency Signs: Teeth Decay.

FULLER'S EARTH: is a Clay - like substance, which is rich in Minerals and toning Salts used in natural Cosmetics due to its binding properties. Has an Astringency & Stimulating effect on the Skin especially in Face Masks and cleansing preparations for troubled Skin. Can be purchased as a fine grey powder at pharmacies.

IODINE / Endocrine: is the supreme Gland builder and Conditioner, safeguards the Brain from Toxins, gives Energy, reduces excess Fatty Tissue, removes Toxic Elements and promotes Growth strong Hair, Nails, Skin & Teeth and improves Mental capacity. Necessary for the Thyroid Gland to control the health of all the other Glands in the Body / the Endocrine System. Iodine is found in Irish Moss, Vegetables grown in rich soil, Kelp - Seaweed, Onions & Seafood.  N.B: More Iodine is required in Cold Weather as excretion is higher.  Australian Soils are deficient in Iodine even the coastal areas, but although it is not actually a Mineral, it is extremely important to good health and will also cause Dandruff, lack of Energy, Goitre, Hair Loss, Hypothyroidism and excessive Weight gain. N.B: If there is a deficiency no matter what Minerals or Vitamins are given they will not be assimilated properly. This is the basic cause of all physical problems in the Body.

Horses: It will also cause weaker Fillies as they need more Iodine then Colts and is also often missing due to the overfeeding of Legumes such as Lucerne, Clovers, Beans, Peas, Soybeans, Lupins, etc - (Goitrogenic Feeds), which will cause the Goitre to swell as in cases of Acute Iodine Deficiency. Feeds high in Nitrates such as Capeweed, when present in large amounts such as during a Drought can inhibit Iodine and cause Thyroid dysfunction. Horses on Capeweed paddocks need Iodine Supplement as well as Dolomite (Magnesium) – Seaweed Meal will provide the Iodine. African Grasses also have a long term Goitrogenic effect. Treatment: Seaweed Meal is preferable to Inorganic Iodine in the form of Potassium Iodide or Lugol’s Solution as both of these are Toxic in excess as well as expensive. Seaweed Meal: must be kept Dry and the Horses in the paddocks will help themselves to their requirements Ad Lib. Keep in a strong container attached to the shed / stable wall or give 1 x Tablespoon a day per Horse in the feed. N.B: There is more Iodine in Seaweed Meal then in Liquid Kelp.

Liquid Seaweed: is also available such as Natrakelp / Iodine 125 ppm / 10 ml / 2.5 mg - daily dose for 450gr Horse or Maxi Crop Multi and this can be given at 5ml a week. Toxicity Level: 40 - 50 mg daily. (20 gm Seaweed Meal daily only) 0.1mg per kg of feed consumed on a dry basis for maintenance, Growing, Working & Pregnant and Lactating mares - Tolerance 5 mg per kg.

Ponies & Cross – Breeds: have ferocious Appetites and care must be taken as a Goitre may be a symptom of both imbalances in the Thyroid System such as Hyper Thyroidism - Over Active and Hypothyroisism - Under Active. This occurs underneath the base of the Jaws and is a moveable, hard round Lump. Do not confuse with Lymphatic swellings, which follow the base of the Jaw where the Neck joins and goes upwards to the base of the Ear. Treatment: Under Active Thyroid / Good Natural Seaweed. Over Active Thyroid use the herb, Blue Flag instead - Some Horses can react to Seaweed.)

IRON: The Blood Mineral. 12 - 16mg (Women) N.B: Vitamin C along with Iron enhances its absorption. N.B: Only take Iron supplements under supervision of a Nutritionist or Doctor. Australia is basically of Volcanic origins and Iron deficiency is unknown. It is required to transport Oxygen in the Blood - Red Blood Cells as Haemoglobin triggered by a trace of Copper or it remains useless and requires Calcium for absorption. Copper Supplements will raise the Iron levels very quickly and does not totally suppress Vitamin E like Iron Tonics if used for no longer then a week or so. Iron is actually so high that it suppresses other Minerals, especially Potassium. High Iron is also sometimes needed to balance Calcium & Magnesium - Lime Minerals. Iron is found in Apricots, Asparagus, Beans, Beef Kidney, Beets, Brown Rice, Egg Yolks, Fish, dried Fruit, whole Grains, Heart & Liver, Lean Meat, Legumes, Kelp - Seaweed, Molasses, Nuts, Oatmeal, Oysters, Parsley, Pork Liver, Raisins, Red Meat, Soybeans & dark - green leafy Vegetables. Best Source Barley, Dandelion, Oats, Parsley, Rice Bran, Seaweed, Soybeans & Wheat Bran.

    Coffee & Tea inhibits Iron absorption, essential to the Body's energy producing functions, necessary to metabolize the B Vitamins, required for production of Haemoglobin (Red Blood Corpuscles), Myoglobin (Red Pigment in Muscles) and certain Enzymes. 65% of the Iron in the Body is found in Haemoglobin the principal component of Red Blood Cells that acts as a carrier of Oxygen from the Lungs to the Tissues, which die if deprived of Oxygen. Iron affects the production of T - Cells the key participants in the Immune System. Iron related immunity is conferred through Human Breast Milk also to the Baby. Processed foods contain Iron that is not easily absorbed. If Intestinal absorption is impaired then taking Digestive Enzymes may be required. Deficiency Signs: Anaemia caused by a lack of Copper balance, Blood Conditions, Candida & Herpes Simplex, Dizziness, continual Exhaustion, Hair Loss, Haemorrhages, Inflammations, Lethargy, Mood swings. Treatment: Is to bring the Calcium - Magnesium balance up to the correct level.

LITHIUM : Is a Trace Element in small amounts and its deficiency causes Mental Illness in humans and this is also covered by the addition of Seaweed Meal.