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Ulster Province: In the north - east of Co. Antrim the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Riada Sept who had previously extended their territory 13 mile across the Irish Sea into the Highlands of Scotland and were descended from 70.Eochy / Eochaidh “Riada" / *70.Cairbre “Riada” one of the 3 sons of 89.Conaire 11 the 111th King of Tara / Ireland still held on to some of their territory in Ulaid although by now they were under greater pressure. This was being exerted by the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Sept descended from 88.Eogan who had been the 1st King of Aileach in the north of Ulster. who had been 1 of the 8 sons of 87.Niall of the Nine Hostages the 126th King of Tara / Ireland (Ui Niaill). The Cenel nEogain had their territory to the north - west of them in Co. Derry, with the Irian Dal nAraide Sept further down in the south - east between the Dal Riada and Bangor in Co. Down, who were descended from 62.Rory "Mor" the 68th King of Tara / Ireland. The Heremonian Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEnda Sept who were descended from 88.Enda, a brother to 88.Eogan, was squeezed in between the territories in the central - north of their kinsmen the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill Sept descended from their other brother, 88.Conall "Gulban" in the west of Co. Donegal. The Cenel nEogain Sept descended from 88.Eogan were also expanding their territory from Co. Derry down in the central - north of Ulster into Co. Tyrone (Tir Eogain) (The Land of 88.Eogan). The Heberian Cianacht Sept descended from 85.Cian at Keenaught in Ulster, who were also in the central north - east were below them, with the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Colla da Crioch Ui Cremthainn Sept descended from 85.Murray / Muiredach "Colla da Crioch / Fo Crith"- of the Two Countries above Enniskillen in Co. Fermanagh in their kingdom of Orghialla / Airghialla / Oriel. The Eastern Dartraige Sept were near Newtown Butler and the Gailenga Sept now also an aristocratic Cianacht Sept were further down in Co. Cavan, with the Western Dartraige Sept in the south - west. The Ui Mac Cairthinn Sept were situated below the Cenel nEogain Sept and to the west of the Cianachta, with their Cenel mBinnig Sept to the south - east of the Cenel nEogain Sept, and the Cenel Lugdach Sept were in the far north - west corner above the Cenel Conaill Sept. The Fir Maige Itha Sept were below the Cenel nEnda Sept and the Cenel mBogaine Sept was also on the far west coast with the Cenel Conaill Sept, while the Ui Fiachrach Arda Stratha Sept was to the east of the Fir Maige Itha with the Ui Mac Uais Sept below and the Colla da Crioch Ui Thuirtri Sept east of them in the east of Co. Tyrone. The Dal Fiatach Sept and the Ui Echach Arda Sept were below the Dal nAraidi Sept and Bangor on the south - east coast with their kinsmen the Leth Cathail Sept below them, and they would eventually shift to Duneight / Dun Echdach. The Ui Echach Cobo Sept, who were kinsmen to the Dal nAraidi Sept, were to the west of both those 3 Septs. Further to the west of them still was the Colla da Crioch Airthir Sept, which was also to the east of the Ui Cremthainn Sept and above the Colla Mend Mugdorna Maigen Sept in Co. Monaghan, the Ui Nadsluaig Sept was directly to the north of the Ui Cremthainn Sept and the the Fir Luirg Sept to the north - west of the Ui Cremthainn Sept. The Colla da Crioch Ui Meith Sept were below the Ui Cremthainn Sept, but further to the east.

The Colla Mend Mugdorna Maigen Sept was above the 3 Colla Conaille Muirthemne Sept in the south - east and the 3 Colla Fir Rois Sept below them near the east coast. Also the Mugdorna Maigen Sept in Co. Monaghan / Moynihan were to be cut off from their kinsmen the Mugdorna Breg Sept who were both descended from 85.Colla "Mend," which would be caused by the Fir Rois Sept who expanded from Co. Monaghan into central Co. Louth in the Ardee region who were kinsmen to the Colla da Crioch Airthir Sept near Co. Armagh. The Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn 3 Colla kingdom of Orghialla / Airghialla / Oriel was to be confined to Co. Fermanagh, Co. Armagh and Co. Monaghan in Southern Ulster, and nearby in part of Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster. The Colla da Crioch Ui Thuirtri kingdom in the east of Co. Tyrone in Central Ulster was to be be absorbed into the Cenel nEogain and their kingdom of Aileach.

The Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Sept now became deep-rooted in Co. Tyrone in Central Ulster while their close kinsmen the "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill was now cut off in Co. Donegal in Tyrconnell (Tir Conaill) (The Land of 88.Conall) in the north - west of Ulster with the Cenel Connaill's only chance of expansion being to the south into Northern Connacht.

Connacht Province: In the east the Cairpre Dromma Cliab Sept, descended from 88.Cairbre another of the 8 sons of 87.Niall of the Nine Hostages the 126th King of Tara / Ireland, had their territory in the far - north above one of the Calraige Septs. The Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Breifne Sept descended from 87.Brion the original 1st King of Connacht was in the north - east with their 3 Connachta kinsmen the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Ailello Sept descended from his brother, 87.Ailill to the west of them with another Calraige Sept below and the Corco Fir Thri Sept below them, with the Grecraige Sept further below and the Cianachta Luigni Sept to the west of them. The Irian Conmaicne Rein Sept was below the Ui Briuin Breifne Sept, with the Ciarraige Sept below them and the Ciarraige Aine Sept to the west of them, who were all in the territory of the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai another of the 3 Connachta Septs descended from 87.Brion, who were below and adjoining their kinsmen also, the Ui Ailello Sept, and Ui Briuin Breifne Sept. The Ciarraige Airtig Sept were to the west of the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Sinna Sept another of the 3 Connachta descended from 87.Brion, with the Ciarraige Ai Sept in between those two, and the Corco Moga Sept below them, with the territory of the Sogain Sept below them still. The Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Seola Sept, another descended from 87.Brion and therefore also from the 3 Connachta, were to the west of them and below them was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Maine Sept descended from 86.Maine “Mor,” a brother to 86.Eochy / Echu "Mugmedon" the 124th King of Tara / Ireland, and to the west of them was the "Southern" Ui Fiachrach Aidni Sept descended from 87.Brion's other brother, 87.Fiachra, to the south near Kilmacduagh, adjoining the Co. Clare border in the north - west of Munster Province. In the west the Gamanrad Sept were in the north with the Irrus Domnnan Septs below them, and the nAmalgado Sept descended directly from *88.Auley / Awley / Amalgaid the first official Ui Fiachrach King of Connacht who was one of the 3 sons of 87.Fiachra the original 2nd King of Connacht, to the east of them and the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Fiachrach "Muaide" Sept, also descended from 87.Fiachra, had their territory further to the east, and below them was the Gailenga Sept another from the Cianachta. The Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Umaill (O Malley) Sept, also descended from 87.Brion, was below them on the west coast near Westport and the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Fiachrach Fer Chera Sept was to the south - east of them below their close kinsmen the Ui Fiachrach Muaide Sept. The Irian Conmaicne Mara Sept was near Clifden on the south - west coast with the Partraige Sept between Loch Mask and Loch Corrib, while the Irian Conmaicne Cuile Tolad Sept was to the east of Loch Mask, and the Delbna Tire Da Locha Sept was in the far south - west region. The Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Breifne Sept during this Century and the next were to gain more territory east of the River Shannon for their future O Rourke and O Reilly Septs.

Northern Leinster: In the far north - west in Co. Westmeath, the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Southern" Ui Niaill Cairpre Gabra Sept also descended from 88.Cairbre, one of the 8 sons of 87.Niall of the Nine Hostages the 126th King of Tara / Ireland, was near Granard below the Irian Conmaicne Rein Sept with the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Southern" Ui Niaill Cenel Maine Sept of Tethbae descended from his brother, 88.Maine below them above Loch Ree, and their other close kinsmen the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Southern" Ui Niaill Caille Follamain Sept, descended from 91.Colman "Bec," and therefore from another brother, 88.Conall "Cremthainne," was to the east of both their territories. The Ui Beccon Sept was in the central - north with the Cianachta Luigne Sept who were both above the Caille Follamain Sept along the River Blackwater. The Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Southern" Ui Niaill Cenel Laegaire Sept descended from 88.Laoghaire. another brother who was the 128th King of Tara / Ireland, were above their kinsmen the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Southern" Ui Niaill Cenel nArdgail Sept descended from 89.Ardgal, one of the 2 sons of 88.Conall "Cremthainne," and to the south - west of them was their further close kinsmen the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Southern" Ui Niaill Clann Cholmain Sept descended from 91.Colman "Mor" near Mullingar, Uisnech and Loch Ennell with the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig Fir Thulach Mide Sept descended from 99.Brandub the 7th King of Leinster below the Clann Cholmain Sept, and the Cu Corb Crich na Cetach Sept descended from 91.Cetach to the east of them. The Delbna Mor Sept and the Fir Bile Sept had their territory below the Caille Follamain Sept, and to the west of both the Cenel Laegaire Sept and the Cenel nArdgail Sept had their territory, with another Cianachta Luigne Sept also situated below the Cenel nArdgail Sept. The Colla Ui Mac Uais Mide Sept, the Brecraige Sept and the Corco Roide Septs were along the River Inny surrounded by the Cenel Maine, Caille Follamain and the Clann Cholmain Septs, while the Cuircne Sept was to the east of Loch Ree above the Bregmuine Sept, which was to the south - west below Loch Ree, with another Calraige Sept below them above Clonmacnoise nearby in Co. Offaly in the north - west of Southern Leinster. The Delbna Bethra Septs were below there, in the territory of the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Southern" Ui Niaill Cenel Fiachach Sept descended from 88.Fiachu, another of the 8 sons of 87.Niall, whose territory crossed over the River Brosna to Durrow in the east. All of the Ui Niaill Septs had by now formed into their own separate kingdoms and they would be generally accepted as the High Kings of Tara / Ireland and a scholar notated their genealogical history through the sons of 36.Mil back to 1.Adam.

In the far north - east in Co. Meath in the "Southern" Ui Niaill Siol nAedo Slaine kingdom of Brega (descended from 91.Aed "Slaine" the joint 139th King of Tara / Ireland the Colla Mend Mugdorna Breg Sept was situated above the Cianachta Gailenga Sept, and the Fir Chul Breg Sept, descended from 92.Ailill the 4th King of Brega, were below them near Kells with the Fir Arda Cianachta Sept situated along the east coast below the 3 Colla Fir Rois Sept in Southern Ulster and the 3 Colla Ui Macc Uais Breg Sept further to the west below them. Also below the River Boyne was another Cianachta Sept on the east coast, with the Saithne Sept below them, and the Heremonian Deisi Temro Sept much further inland to the west, and the Magh Locha Sept also further to the west below them. There was another Gailenga Sept in the south - east near the coast, and a Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Southern" Ui Niaill Cenel Cairpre Sept also had another of their territories much further inland in the south adjacent to the Cu Corb Crich na Cetach Sept below Clonard.

Southern Leinster: The Ui Cheithig Sept was in the north - east near Cloncurry with the Ui Gabla Sept further to the east above the Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge Ui Dunchada Sept west of Dublin, and the Cu Corb Ui Briuin Chualann Sept, descended from 94.Brion "Lethderg," was below them on the east coast to the east of the Cu Corb Ui Mail Ui Chellaig Chualann Sept descended from 101.Kelly / Ceallach "Cualann" the 13th King of Leinster, who were further inland. The Ui Dunlainge Ui Faelain Sept, descended from 103.Faelan the 16th King of Leinster were further inland still with the Cu Corb Ui Failge Sept descended from 91.Ros "Failge" to the west of them, with the Ui Riacain Sept below them to the west, and the Clann Mailugra back east wards before Kildare and the Ui Crimthainn Ain Sept descended from 91.Criffan / Crimthann below them in the west near Dun Masc. In the far west was the Cianachta Eile Sept, and to the south - east of them were the Irian Loigis Sept with the Loigis Cule Sept still further east of them on the western side of the River Barrow above the Cu Corb Ui Buide Sept descended from 91.Eochy / Echu, with the Cu Corb Ui Drona Sept, descended from 94.Dron, much further down near Dinn Righ on both sides of the River Barrow. The Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge Ui Muiredaig Sept descended from 103.Murray / Muiredach the 18th King of Leinster was below the Ui Faelain Sept, and the Cu Corb Ui Mail Sept descended from 90.Maine "Mal," was to the east of them near their close kinsmen the Cu Corb Ui Mail Ui Theig Sept along the east coast above Wicklow, with the Cu Corb Ui Garrchon Sept descended from 90.Garchu there also below them. The Cu Corb Ui Enechglais Sept, descended from 92.Bressal, were further down the coast near Arklow with the Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig Siol nEladaig Sept, descended from 101.Elothach, further inland below the Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig Ui Felmeda Sept descended from 95.Felim / Feidlimid on the River Slaney adjacent to the Ui Bairrche Tire Sept, descended from 91.Daire "Barrach," to the east of the River Barrow. Further down on the River Slaney was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Fotharta Fea Sept descended also from *79.Felim / Feidlimid "Reachtmhar" the 108th King of Tara / Ireland and his father *78.Toole / Tuathal "Teachtmhar" the 106th King of Tara / Ireland, below the Ui Felmeda Sept with the Cu Corb Ui Dego Sept, descended from 94.Daig, further back towards the east coast above the Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig Sept. Further to the west was the the Benntraige Sept situated to the north - west of Wexford, with the Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig Siol Maeluidir Sept, descended from 99.Mael "Odar," on the east coast above Wexford. Below them was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Fotharta Mara Sept, and to the west of them the Cu Corb Ui Bairrche Sept, and further west still the Siol mBrain Sept. The Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla kingdom of Ossory in Co. Kilkenny was situated in the south - west running from Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province to the Cianachta kingdom of Eile in the north along the border of Munster and Southern Leinster with the Ui Duach Sept having their territory to the east of the River Nore in the north.

Munster Province: Aurmuma / North Eastern Munster : Backed onto the kingdom of Ossory in the east in Co. Kilkenny in Southern Leinster, with the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Muscraige Tire Sept in the north - east below Birr adjacent to Loch Derg, and the Heberian Eoghanacht Arada Tire Sept below them also near Loch Derg. The Uaithne Sept were well below them near Killaloe, the Eoghanacht Arada Chliach Sept were below them in the east of Co. Limerick, and the Eoghanacht Airthir Chliach Sept below them. The Eoghanacht Aine Sept was below them to the east of the River Margue to the west of Emly, with the In Deis Deiscirt Sept below them and the Orbraige Sept to the south - east of them and the Eoghanacht Glendamnach Sept below them still. The Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Muscraige Breogain Sept was to the east of Emly below the Eoghanacht Chaisil Sept in Co. Tipperary who were further to the north - east and the Deisi Muman further to the south - east between Waterford and Ardmore. The Fir Maige Fene Sept was below the Glendamnach Sept south of the River Blackwater.

Northern Munster / Thomond: The Cianachta Corco Mruad Sept was in the far north - west in Co. Clare, the In Deis Tuaiscirt / Dal gCais Sept were also across to the west on both sides of the River Shannon and the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Muscraige Corca Baiscind / Baiscinn Sept still also there along the west - coast.

West Munster / Iarmumu: the Ciarraige Sept was in the the north - west below the River Shannon mouth with the Heberian Eoghanacht Ui Fidgeinti Sept east of them below Adare and the Luachra Sept below the Ciarraige Sept, with the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Muscraige Luachra Sept east of Tralee behind Sliabh Luachra, and the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Muscraige Corco Duibne Sept on the south - west coast in the region around the Dingle Peninsular in Co. Kerry. The Eoghanacht Locha Lein Sept were to the east of Loch Lein.

Southern Munster / Desmuma: the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Muscraige Mittine Sept were in northern region in Co. Cork with the Heberian Eoghanacht Ui Liathain Sept on the east coast between Cork and Youghal as the Eoghanacht Septs were widespread by now extending their territory further south. The Cirraige Cuirche Sept was below Cork with the Eoghanacht Raithlind Cenel nAeda and the Eoghanacht Raithlind Cenel mBecc, with the Eoghanacht Raithlind Sept to the west of them and the Eoghanacht Ui Echach Muman Sept above them and the Cenel Loegaire above them and the Ithian Corca Loigde Sept around Bantry Bay.

The religious problem of the Easter date was settled, and that of the monk’s being able to wear their tonsure from ear to ear, and this was to also to see the end of the monastery period in Ireland with Kells /' Ceanannus Mor in Co. Meath in the south - east of Northern Leinster becoming the seat of a Bishop / supervisor until the year 1300 AD, and 300 Saints had by now been unofficially created in Ireland who were in reality the founders of the Catholic Celtic Churches. Also during the first half of this Century most of the round towers / belfries were to be constructed due to the constant Viking attacks and the territories of the Ulaid, the Mumu and the Laighin / Linn Septs were to also have the Norse term of Tir (Land of) added and they were to become known as Ulster, Munster and Leinster while Connacht remained (The Land of 80.Conn).

It was during this Century also due to the dominance of the Heremonians, especially the Ui Niaill Septs, and the imposition of the Viking disruption to the Irish Brehon Law that the position of a High King of Ireland was to become a reality over the previous situation under the Brehon Law of no such a position actually existing. Previously Celtic tradition made it hard for the Septs to combine, as they had always preferred to be independent and responsible for doing their own thing. Roman pressure in Gall and the Viking pressure in Ireland was to change all of this, but unfortunately not soon enough to be ready for the English onslaught that lie ahead.

The Psalter of Cashel that was compiled this Century is in the London Museum.

During this Century, Egbert (802 AD - 839 AD) was the Anglo - Saxon King of Wessex, who became the Bretwalda (Overall Ruler) who was a son of Edmund of Kent who in turn was descended from Cerdic the original founder of the Anglo - Saxon kingdom of Wessex. He besieged the Domnanians in Cornwall and in 829 AD submitted the Brythonic Northumbrians and defeated the Welsh Fir Bolg Celts in 830 AD and incorporated the previous individual kingdoms of Kent and Sussex into Wessex. Ethelwulf of Wessex (839 AD - 856 AD) the son of Egbert was married to Osburga and they produced 5 sons and a daughter and was to take on the Viking raiders for the first time there and defeat them at Surrey. (He gave over the new territories to his son, Athelstan to act as a sub - king there). As Ethelwulf was very religious he made a pilgrimage to Rome with his younger 4 year old son, Alfred the Great and had a meeting with Pope Benedict 111. On his return his 2nd son, Athelstan had died, and he also married Judith the 12 year old daughter of Charles the Bald the great - grand daughter of Charlemagne and decreed all of his surviving sons would rule after him in turn. When he died, his oldest son, Ethelbald of Wessex ruled from (856 AD - 860 AD) and initially also married the 16 year old Judith, which upset Charles the Bald and everyone else and the marriage was annulled. Ethelburt of Wessex (860 AD - 866AD), the 3rd son of Ethelwulf, became the King and had 2 sons, Adhelm who was to be killed by the Vikings, and Ethelward who was to be killed in the Dane Law in 900 AD. Ethelred of Wessex (866 AD - 871 AD), the next and youngest son of Ethelwulf, then ruled. Alfred the Great (871 AD - 899 AD) at 21 years of age, and was to come up against the fury of the Viking Danes and their intention to do away with the kingdom of Wessex altogether, but in 878 AD he defeated them and made peace with them due to his strong religious convictions. Their King, Guthrum then became a Christian and he divided England up with the Danes who took the territory to the east and north known as the (Dane Law) while Alfred the Great became known as the first King of the English.

+On to 801 AD - 810 AD

Situated on the western bank of the Hunter River, midway between Muswellbrook and Denman the doorway to the Heart of Australia's "Horse Capital" in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales., Australia.

John & Sue Markham

RAINBOW FARMS 603 Roxburgh Road., Muswellbrook., 2333.

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