400 BC - 300 BC
400 BC - 100 BC
The Celts / Keltoi were to stand out in history, due to their
particular way of life, their political
organisation, and their appearance and were
among the 4 great Peoples of the then known World, which also included the
Scythians,
the Persians, and the
Libyans.
391 BC The Romans betrayed the
Celts / Keltoi during the
siege on Clusium and the Celts marched on Rome without stopping anywhere along
the way and defeated those still left in charge there in a single battle and
stayed for a year and demanded a great fine for their treachery at Clusium and
then left with a Peace Treaty.
390 BC
Celtic Gauls who had come from the trans - Alpine region and through the
Central Alpine pass from Switzerland and
Southern Germany invaded the north of Italy, where
they sacked Rome and settled in the Upper Po Valley, and overthrew the Etruscans whose
civilisation was already on its way out. (The Celts
were still in an alliance with the Greeks.) First to arrive where the
Insubres who set up at Mediolanum / Milan,
and after them 4 more tribes followed who settled in Lombardy, and the
Boii Sept and the Lingones
Sept came later on settling into Emilia, and then the
Senones
Sept
who settled along the Adriatic coast in
Umbria. All of these Celts brought their families and
their possessions with them, and
warrior bands then raided south reaching Apulia
and Sicily, and the Romans called these invaders the
Galli / Gallic Cis.
Among these the
Gacsati / Spearmen
Celts from France in Gaul who
were under
Brennus were
the ones who raided Rome,
which they eventually captured and they settled there south of the
River Po,
and it would be from these peoples later on from whom the
Laigin Celts mainly in the
Leinster
Province
in Erinn / Ireland were to originate.
387 BC
The Celts on the Continent who were then in control of
Rome began to speak
Latin,
just as the Teutonic Scandinavian Goths were to make their appearance
also in
recorded history.
In the future in Christian times the
Irish monks were all to be
kinsmen who were to be connected originally to each of
the Tuaths / Family regions in their respective territories, as they were to
continue
to carry on in the same traditions after the influence of the Christian Catholic
/ Universal Faith came to
the Irish Celtic Families. This strong individual Family
connection to
their land and to the monasteries of the individual
Septs in their own
respective territories,
after the Anglo - Norman - English Invasion in the 12th Century AD, was one thing that the English would not be able to grasp in their
minds, this was especially so when they
were to try desperately to confiscate all of the
territories and
dissolve the Irish Catholic
Celtic Church and take over their land also in the 16th Century AD.
Because of this strong connection,
Henry
V111 at first, and later on his young son who was influenced by his mentors,
could not comprehend this, and especially his daughter, Elizabeth 1st, who
on her own, was to create 6 rebellions in
Ireland. As
their prior Celtic religion was the exclusive right of the Druids
/ priests they
always taught them that their souls were immortal and after death they
passed on from one body to another, and this always gave the
Celts their great courage
as they had no fear of death. The Druids of Ireland
were originally to be set up at Uisnech in
the west of the
Midlands / Mide Meath /
Northern
Leinster and also there at
Tara in the north - east until the advent of Christianity, where they all had their own
attendants and were held in great respect and the Catholic Irish
monks from each
of the individual Tuaths were to inherit their
traditional connection to the Septs they still individually represented.
Tracing all the Celtic Clanns of Ireland back to
12.Magog, and in the Christian era therefore to
1.Adam, meant that there was proof of their long time connection to the
land, which was the main
holding
right to their individual Tuaths / Family regions, as each Tuath usually occupied territory
that encompassed an area of approximately 400 square miles or
20 miles x 20
miles. It was the Ollamh’s duty to regularly visit all of the Tuathas and their
individual Septs and place the information gained in the Kings Book
(Saltair of Tara), while each of the individual
Chiefs of
the Tuathas also retained their own Sheanchaidhe
(pronounced - Shanachy) who were their historians
for this purpose, and these records were then checked against the records in the
Saltair of Tara
during the 3 year Assemblies / Feasts of Tara.
369 BC - 368 BC
During this period many Celts journeyed to the south - east serving as mercenaries in the
Peloponnese, but
prior to this there had already been considerable Celtic migration into the
Balkans well before this
date and there were also Celtic mercenaries from Gaul in the army of Syracuse.
The Celts / Keltoi still allied with the Greeks
against the Persians and Phoenicians overrun Pannonia securing it from the
Illyrians.
334 BC Alexander the Great made an
alliance with the Celts / Keltoi who kept his
region safe during his expedition into Asia.
250 BC- 332 AD. This was the period in which
Eamhain Macha
/ Armagh in south - east of the Ulster
Province,
was
the original Navan Fort of the Gaelic Milesian
Irian Kings of Ulster and their
Red
Branch of Knights,
which would become the
most predominant Province in
Ireland and culminate finally in the
archetype
of the great Irish warriors,
Cuchulainn, and then lose their dominant position to
the Connacht Province
in the west.
335 BC
Alexander the Great while in Bulgaria received a deputation of
Celts from the Lower Danube who were from the Adriatic.
325 BC - 323 BC
During this period in time the Greeks called both
the
islands of
Ireland and
Albion / Briton, the
Pretanic Islands, and the Priteni
were the Celtic names given to the Scythian
Gaelic Pict inhabitants,
but later Caesar knew them as the Prydain - Welsh
/ Brittani.
319 BC
70.Niadh
"Seaghaiman" was the
Heberian
83rd
King of
Tara / Erinn, who
was the son of 69.Adhamhra
/ Adhamair "Foltchaoin"
the previous 78th King of
Tara / Erinn,
descended from
37.Heber "Fionn," who
was to rule for
7 years, until he too was
slain by his successor. (In his time the
wild deer were usually driven home with the cows and milked every day.)
300 BC Fiachadh
the King of Tara / Erinn
introduced the Fianna Eirinn
/ Fenian Warriors, both male and female, to endeavour to protect
Erinn / Ireland against any outside
invaders, and they were to be composed of 3 regiments
containing 3,000 warriors in times of peace, which
would could be increased in times of trouble. During the 6 months of
Winter they would
be quartered among the population of Ireland, but in the Summer they
had to survive by
personally
hunting and fishing, while living in the woods and open fields to toughen up. They had
to be outstanding athletes, having to succeed at the most stringent tests as to
their physical abilities, and were also poets and warriors of culture, and they
took an oath not to avenge any of their kin or be avenged by them, they were
also never to refuse hospitality to anyone, never to turn their back during a
battle, never to insult women, and if they were men they were not allowed to
accept a dowry with their wives.
+On to
300 BC - 200 BC