375 AD About this time some of the Belgic tribes in Leinster

400 AD Early on during this Century the Ulaid Septs, in Ulster descending from 37.Ir, would be pushed further to the north - east due to the Heremonian Dal Cuinn 3 Colla kingdom of Airghialla being formed by the 3 Colla brothers, descending from 37.Heremon, there in the central region. Also the new kingdom of the Northern Ui Niaill Septs would be created there in Ulster later in the north - western region by 3 of the 8 sons of 87.Niall of the Nine Hostages, 88.Eoghan, 88.Conaill "Gulban" & 88.Enda centered on Aileach the pre - historic Fir Bolg stone fortress on a hill in Co. Derry at the beginnings of the Inishowen Peninsula. The 3 Connachta Septs, descending from the 3 brothers, 88.Brion, 88.Fiachra & 88.Ailill who were half - brothers to 87.Niall, would strengthen their hold in Connacht. The Southern Ui Niaill Septs emanating also from the 5 other sons of 87.Niall, 88.Coirpre, 88.Laeghaire, 88.Maine, 88.Conall "Cremthainne" & 88.Fiacha would strengthen their hold in the Midlands - Mide - Meath region including Breagh - Brega in North East Leinster. The Heremonian Cu Corb Dal Messin Corb Sept emanating from 87.Mess "Corb" a son of 86.Cu "Corb" would also be an important Sept in Northern Leinster. The Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Bairrche Sept emanating from 89.Daire "Barrach" a son of 90.Cahir "Mor" the 109th King of Tara - Ireland who was a great - great - grandson also of 86.Cu "Corb" would play a major role in Southern Leinster. The Heberian Eoghanachta Septs descending from 37.Heber were in control of Munster at Cashel in Co. Tipperary and the Deisi Sept were in Co. Waterford migrating to the south of Wales with the Ui Liathain Sept in Co. Cork also migrating to Cornwall & Devon. The Erainn were spread out all over the south of Munster as the Ithian Corca Loigde.

405 AD. 87.Niall of the Nine Hostages the Heremonian Dal Cuinn High King of Tara - Ireland the direct ancestor of the Ui Niaill Septs was killed by 95.Eochy - Eochaidh the exiled son of 94.Enna "Cennsalach" the Heremonian 2nd Cu Corb King of Leinster at Muir Nicht - the sea between France & Albion - Briton.

428/9 AD 88.Leary - Laoghaire one of the sons of 87.Niall of the Nine Hostages became the Ui Niaill 2nd King of Tara - Ireland who had promised his father, 87.Niall that he would not become Christian. Despite this although he was to later send his two daughters, 89.Eithne & 89.Fidelma to Cruachan in Connacht to be educated by two Druids they were later baptized by St. Patrick as was Cass mac Glais his swineherd.

430 AD Pope Celestinus 1^st sent Palladius to Ireland with 12 followers to converse with the Christians who were already there, and they landed in Leinster where 91.Nathi the son of 90.Garrchu refused him admission. Despite this he was eventually able to convert and baptise others in Ireland and erect 3 wooden churches, the Cell Fhine, Teach na Roman & Domhnach Arta. At Cell Fhine he left books and a shrine with relics of Peter & Paul and of many other martyrs and also left behind Augustinus, Benedictus, Silvester & Solinus. He returned to Rome complaining that he had received no respect in Ireland and had contracted a disease in the territory of the Cruthin from which he was to eventually die.

431 AD St. Patrick became a Bishop and Celestine 1^st finally sent him to Ireland to teach the Gael - Gaedhals further about Christianity and baptise them.

432 AD St. Patrick arrived in Ireland and Ath Truim was founded after being granted to him and his followers Loman & Fortchern, by 89.Felim - Feidhlimidh a son of 88.Leary the King of Tara - Ireland. St. Patrick was to meet them on their own ground with their own culture such as the sacred groves, mounds and wells making them also places of worship for Christianity and used the same places as the Druids to set up churches and holy places. The abbeys and churches were to become centres of learning instructing them in Greek and Latin laying the foundation for further widespread scholastic achievement and this would allow them later to spread Christianity during the Dark ages into Europe.

435 AD 92.Breasal - Bressal "Belach" the 1st Heremonian Cu Corb King of Leinster, died this year who was a son of 91.Fiacha "Ba hAiccid - the Lame a son of 90.Cahir "Mor" the 109th King of Tara - Ireland.

457 AD The Battle of Ath Dara occurred between 88.Leary the 2^nd Ui Niaill King of Tara - Ireland and the men of Leinster and he was captured and swore on being released that he would never come against them again.

458 / 461 / 63 AD. 88.Leary - Laoghaire mac Niaill the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Southern Ui Niaill 3rd King of Tara - Ireland, died at Caissi in the territory of the Cu Corb U Faelain Sept. He was buried upright and fully armed at Tara faced towards his enemies in Leinster. He had previously appointed nine renowned members of his retinue to study and revise the Brehon Laws of Ireland and commit them to writing. Dubhthach mac Lugir his Chief Druid, Rossa & Fergus acted as legal advisers, with 88.Leary, Dara the King of Ulster & Corc the King of Munster present and St. Patrick, Benignus & Cearnach acting as their Christian advisers.

89.Ailill "Molt" became the 4th King of Tara - Ireland who was a son of Nathi the 2nd Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Fiachrach King of Tara - Ireland.

461 AD. St. Patrick, died and had spread Christianity throughout Ireland rapidly during his time but there were still to be independent Kings who refused to accept the Christian faith and continued on with their Pagan beliefs.

464 AD. 88.Conall "Gulban," who had been converted to Christianity who was another son of 87.Niall, and the direct ancestor of the Northern Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill in North West Ulster was killed while unprotected in Magh Slecht and was interned at Fidhnach Maighe Rein by St. Caillin.

465 AD. 88.Eoghan, another of the sons of 87.Niall, who had also been converted to Christianity and who was the direct ancestor of the Northern Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain, died of grief this year over the death of his brother, 88.Conail "Gulban" and was interred at Uisce Chain in Inis Eogain. 95.Criffan - Crimthann, another son of 94.Enda "Cennsalach," the Heremonian Cu Corb 2nd King of Leinster was killed by the son of his own daughter, Eochy "Guineach" from the Cu Corb Ui Bairrche Sept descended from 91.Daire a son of 90.Cahir "Mor" the 109th King of Tara - Ireland.

472 AD Toca, a son of Aed, a son of Senach, Chief of the Crioch Cualann in Leinster, died.

475 AD 88.Conal "Cremthainne," the 1st Southern Ui Niaill King of Mide - Meath who was another of the sons of 87.Niall, died this year and one of his sons, 89.Ardgal was to be the 3rd King of Mide - Meath and the direct ancestor of the Cenel nArdgail Sept. His other son, 89.Fergus "Cerball" was to be the father of 90.Dermot - Diarmait mac Carroll - Cerbaill who would be the 8^th Southern Ui Niaill King of Tara - Ireland who is the ancestor of the Clann Cholmain, Follamain & Silk nAedo Slaine Septs. His Southern Ui Niaill male line would last until the end of the Ui Niaill High Kingship until producing 104.Malachy 11 the 40th King of Mide - Meath & 44th King of Ireland who was to die in 1022 AD.

479 / 482 89.Ailill "Molt" the 4th Dal Cuinn Ui Fiachrach King of Tara - Ireland died this year and his Dal Cuinn kinsmen, 89.Lewy - Lughaidh became the 5th King of Tara - Ireland who was a son of 88.Leary the 3rd Southern Ui Niall King of Tara - Ireland.

485 AD 91.Finnchadh the Cu Corb Ui Garrchon 3a King of Leinster was killed by 96.Cairbre the grandson of 94.Dunlaing a Cu Corb Prince the direct ancestor of the Ui Dunlainge Sept. His son, 92.Froech became the 4th Cu Corb King of Leinster who was a grandson of 90.Garrchu the direct ancestor of the Ui Garrchon Sept the son of 89.Fothadh the son of 88.Eochy - Echu "Lamderg" the son of 87.Messin "Corb.”

489 AD 91.Aenghus, the 3rd Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil King of Munster who was a son of 90.Nadfreach descended from 37.Heber, was killed in the Battle of Cell Osnasdha against 90.Murtagh - Muirchertach mac Ercae from the Southern Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain, 95.Illann & 95.Ailill from the Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge Sept (two of the sons of 94.Dunlaing), and Eochaidh "Guineach" from the Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Bairrche Sept.

495 AD / 476 - 480 ?AD. Infighting occurred in the Battle of Granard in Leinster between the Cu Corb Septs and one of those involved was 97.Eochy - Eochaidh the son of 96.Cairbre - Coirpre the son of 95.Ailill the son of 94.Dunlaing the son of 94.Enda "Niadh" descended from 87.Nia Corb. 90.Fraech - Froech the Heremonian Cu Corb 4th King of Leinster descended from 87.Messin "Corb" was killed.

496 AD At the Battle of Droim Loch Maighe the Heremonian Cu Corb Septs of Leinster defeated the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Niaill Septs.

497 AD In the Battle of Inde Mor in Crioch Ua nGabhla 90.Murtagh mac Ercae from the Northern Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain defeated the Cu Corb Septs of Leinster who were led by 95.Illan the son of 94.Dunlaing.

498 AD The battle of Seaghais occurred between 90.Murtagh mac Ercae from the Northern Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain and 88.Duach - Daui "Tenga Uma" - of the Sweet Tongue the 3^rd Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Connacht due to 90.Murtagh being a guarantee between the King and 92.Eochy "Tirmcharna." 92.Eochy was taken prisoner against the protection of 90.Murtagh and the men of Connacht were defeated.

The arrival of Palladius, St. Patrick, St. Secundinus, St. Iserninus, St. Finnian, St. Enda & St. Auxilius had, had a dramatic influence on the religious and cultural future of Ireland. They had established and strengthened Christianity and created churches and monastic schools of learning that were to sustain and have a great impact also in Europe in the future.

The Gaelic Kingships in Ireland had also finally evolved a High Kingship - Ard Ri status under 87.Niall of the Nine Hostages and it would remain with the Ui Niaill Septs for another 500 years. Meanwhile in Munster the Heberian Eoghanachta Septs descending from 85.Eogan "Mor" were to completely gain control and the Erainn there were to become further subjected by them. In Ulster the Heremonian Northern Ui Niaill would advance their territory further and the Heremonian Dal Riada would also advance there territory there back into Argyll - Land of the Gael in Scotland. In Leinster the Heremonians as the Southern Ui Niaill would also continue to gain ground against the Cu Corb Septs there and also in Munster and strengthen their hold further in Connacht as the 3 Connachta.

In Ulster the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Northern Ui Niaill in Co. Donegal & Co. Derry - North West Ulster would continue to advance their territory towards the Heremonian Dal Riada who had their initial kingdom in the north of Co. Antrim - North East Ulster. The Dal nAraide were further down along the east - coastal region with the Dal Fiatach below them also in Co. Antrim, with the Heremonian Dal Cuinn 3 Colla kingdom of Airghialla - Oriel below Cuib centred on Co. Monaghan - Southern Ulster. The Conmaicne were also in the centre between Co. Cavan - Southern Ulster & Co. Sligo - North West Connacht and the Calraige were in Co. Sligo on the west - coast with the Cairpre below them. The Fir Domnainn were on the west - coast also with the Luigni further inland below them and Ballina, and the Gailenga were below them. The Conmaicne were also in Co. Mayo - Western Connacht with the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Maine in Eastern Connacht and Tethbae near Athlone was in Co. Westmeath - North West Leinster. The Gailenga were also inland between Dundalk & Drogheda in Co. Louth - North East Leinster and the Luigni also below them further inland. The Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Enechglais Sept were between Drogheda & Mullingar in Northern Leinster on the east - coastal region above Mide - Meath with the Cu Corb Dal Messin Corb Sept below the Cu Corb Ui Faelain Sept further in above the Cu Corb Dal Cormaic Sept. The Cu Corb Ui Garrchon Sept were below them on the eastern coastal region in Leinster with the Cu Corb Ui Failge Sept inland below them and the Cu Corb Dal Cormaic Sept. The Ui Gabla where inland opposite to the Cu Corb Ui Mail Sept who were on the east coast, with the Cu Corb Ui Bairrche Sept below inland and the Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig Sept below them in South East Leinster. The Corca Mruad were in the north - west near the coast in Co. Clare and the Irian Corca Baiscinn were in the very south - west of Co. Clare with the Heberian In Deis Tuaiscirt on both sides of the River Shannon there. The Heberian Cianachta Eile were in the north near Birr with the Osraige in Co. Kilkenny - Western Leinster and the Corca Ochae were in Co. Limerick and the Heberian Eoghanachta were spread out across the north of Munster and heading south. The Mairtine were below the Eoghanachta in Co. Tipperary and the Heremonian Deisi in Co. Waterford with the Heremonian Muscraige below in Co. Cork and the Ithian Corca Loigde below them. The Cirraige were in the west above Tralee in Co. Kerry and the Corca Duibne - People of the Night below them on the coast near Dingle.

+On to the 6th Century

RAINBOW FARMS 603 Roxburgh Road., Muswellbrook. N.S.W. 2333

Situated on the western bank of the Hunter River , Midway between Muswellbrook and Denman in the "Horse Capital Country" of the Hunter Valley in N.S.W. * Web: Ern - 02 65 479 144

John & Sue Markham

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