300 BC - 200 BC
300 BC
The Celts / Keltoi chance at becoming a
cohesive People was now on its way out as individual tribes began to seek out
new territories.
295 BC
A group of Celts / Keltoi formed an alliance with
the Etruscans against the Romans and were defeated at Sentinum.
283 BC The
Celts / Keltoi were defeated at Lake Vadimo.
279 BC
The Celts who were now known as the
Galatae
especially to the Greeks,
were known
as the Galli / Galatae
/
Keltoi / Celtae to the
Romans.
278 BC
Gaulish mercenaries where in the service of the
Greeks in Egypt.
274 BC
Celtic mercenaries were widely in use elsewhere.
273 BC
The Galatae under
Bolgios and Brennus arrived into
Macedonia
in mid - Winter with their families and possessions seeking to settle and
clashed with their previous allies the Greeks, and those under Brennus attacked
Delphi
and were defeated. The Celts in the Balkans remained for some time longer, and
two of the tribes split off from those who had invaded Macedonia, and went south - east to
the Dardanelles then onto
Asia Minor to settle there. They were to be found there by the third tribe,
the Tectosages, who had left
Greece
after the defeat at Delphi and eventually
settled in North Phrygia
/ Galati
and their
stronghold was to be at Drunemeton, while the Tectosages settled in
Ankara in Turkey. These
Galatians were
to be cut off for
many Centuries from Europe, and later on
St. Jerome in the 4th Century AD was to say
that beside speaking Greek, they also spoke a similar language to the
Treveri who
were in Gaul in the district of Trier on the
Moselle
River.
As the Celtic / Keltoi began to
disseminate as an aristocratic warrior people many
became mercenaries, and Ireland, Gaul, the
Scottish Highlands and Briton
became their last bastions. Gaul and Briton would come under Roman domination,
and the Scottish Highlands
would also suffer around the edges, but Ireland
would remain free of Roman interference, leaving a
lasting Celtic People and
Culture, until the coming of the marauding Vikings
in the 8th Century AD at first, and then the 12th Century AD English
oppression and repression, " To do away with all
things Irish."
The third wave of Celts arrived in
Ireland
from Armorica in the north - west of France in
Gaul, (Western
Normandy), who became known as the
Laigin / Lin / Spear People, who were
previously shepherds and farmers originally from inland Europe, from along the River Danube,
who had followed the Sun and integrated with the natives in
Gaul
who taught them how to utilise navigation, which
then allowed them to reach Ireland.
Previously known as the Gaileoin they used lances
as their main weapon, as they had originated from the same ancestors as the
Gacsati spearmen who were to invade Italy in the 3rd Century. They where
“P“ speaking Celts and some members of their original Tuatha also were to seem
to settle into Ireland later on around
100 BC due to the further Roman expansion
in Gaul, after settling into Briton first. These
were known as the Fir Domnain
who were to settle around Malahide /
Inber Domnann in Co. Dublin in the
north - east of Southern Leinster and also around
Irrus Domnann the massive bogs in the north - west of
Co. Mayo in the mid - west of the
Connacht Province where they were to be eventually
reduced to subjection and absorption there as a separate
people.
There, they were connected to the
Dumnonii who were originally from
Devon in Albion
/ Briton and also in the south west of
Albany
/ Scottish Highlands.
The Laigin
Septs where to eventually set up basically in the
Leinster Province,
(which is named for them) where they were to form a confederacy under
the aristocratic Gaelic Milesian
Heremonian
Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh
Cu Corb Septs. Their expansion was to force the
Fir Bolg
Septs further west also, who began to construct many forts against them, such as those
in the
initial kingdom of Ossory of the
Osraige
Sept in
Co. Kilkenny in the south - west
of Southern Leinster. Their original Septs were the Cauci,
the Coriondi,
the Brigantes, the
Domninii,
the Manapii and the the Usdiae. They
too traced their ancestry from
11.Japheth and 10.Noah
through 72 races of the then known World who claimed their original descent from
1.Adam. They were “P“
speaking Celts using some Welsh words, but the "P" sound included a "K" sound
from an older "Q" speaking line. The
Celts were now widespread in Western and Trans - Alpine
Europe and early Celts had also settled in an arc from
Spain to Asia
Minor, who had originated from the European wilderness north of the
Alps in an area beyond the civilised travel of
the Mediterranean region, and
Iron now became the predominant metal used in
Ireland
with long earthworks at Dorsey in Co.
Armagh
in the south - east of
Ulster Province, and the
Black Pig’s Dyke that runs across much of lower Ulster
was to be utilised during the Iron Age.
People from the Celtic
La Tene
culture were also in Albion
/ Briton on the south -
coast, who were in small numbers, but as whole were Celtic Families. Known now as
Iron
Age B the Marnians were from the River Marne
along with craftsmen in metal and Chiefs from the Middle
Rhine and they formed over - lordships in the areas they now occupied. In
the north they settled in the Yorkshire Wolds,
and as far as south - western
Scotland, and promoted a
La Tene type of
art, and a predominant position may have consolidated the Celtic character of the
Albion population south to the Cheviots. Settlers who were in the
south - west from the Bristol Channel region as a result of
Cornish trade were
of a La Tene Culture settling in there from 300 BC - 200 BC, and later on during the
time of Caesar another stream of refugees also came in.
There was a final phase before the Roman Conquests began, with
Belgic settlements in the
south - east from territory between the Rhine, the Seine and the
Marne, and others along the seacoast were from
provincial Urnfield - Hallstatt origins from across the
Rhine. Others were from the La Tene population of Champagne, which made up most
of the
emigrants to
Albion /
Briton who were Celts in resistance to
the Romans, who were in their own individual kingdoms, and later when they were dispossessed
in the west and the north. Some aristocratic
Belgae genealogy survived in
Wales during the
Roman occupation, and was to be revived by the
Britons in Medieval times. Although the
first coins to be issued by the
Celts were to end later in
Gaul
under Caesar, and in Albion
/
Briton under Claudius, there were
no native coins in
Ireland,
Alba /
Scottish Highlands, and some parts of
Albion
/
Briton.
In Ireland the legal tender was
to be in the form of
cattle,
with 6 heifers or 3 milch cows being equivalent of a
cumal, for one female slave, or used to purchase
chariots etc.
Long Celtic shields were
used, and at Telamon the Gaesatae / spearmen were
brought from beyond the Alps to assist the
tribes in Northern Italy who were naked and carried only their
weapons and although this seemed archaic it was also used by the
Celts for
magical protection. Their
spears had a broad blade (laigen),
a heavy spear (gae), a lighter spear
(sleg) with 3
riders (trimarcisia) who were composed of a
noble and 2 attendants who would supply him with fresh horses and act in his defence
230 BC
Before this time Attalos 1st of Pergamon defeated the
Galatae / Galatians of
Asia Minor.
225 BC
The Insubres and the Boii Septs settled in Northern Italy
who wore
bracae / breeches and light cloaks with breeches,
the normal wear for the
Scythians,
the Cimmerians and the Thracians both of whom were the precursors to the
Scythians on the fringes of
Europe. Both sexes of the Irish aristocratic
warrior Celts wore two garments, the tunic
(leine) or
a sheet made of linen worn to the knee by men and to the ankles by women. It was
gathered around the waist by a girdle (criss)
and a woollen cloak was worn over this, which had no hood or sleeves and was
held in position by a brooch. The most characteristic ornament was a neck - ring
(torc) of gold or bronze and some were made of silver, which were from
the La Tene 500 BC period. The
Romans were to note that the
Celtic women were
like the men in stature and just as equal in courage,
and due to their aristocratic warrior classes being
always in the forefront of battle, instead of their subject peoples, this was to
have a great influence eventually numerically on the future genetic traits in
the remaining Irish population.
The Celts possessed both a language and an institutional system showing each
Tuath / Family region to have been but one member of a far - flung Family with
Aryan heritage in Northern India preserved to
modern times. In oral learning it indicates a close relationships with
Celtic
and Aryan traditions surviving in largely uncontaminated form because they were
still in the periphery regions of the ancient World escaping from the turmoil
and intrusions.
The King’s Family belonged to the aristocratic noble grade who were
warriors, but
in pagan times the Druid, Seer or otherwise was accorded
highest status, but they did not form a hereditary
caste and Freemen (Saor) commoners were mainly farmers and craftsmen. In pagan times the
King’s
ritual functions were of great importance as were his executive ones and those
considered sacred or ritual people were known as the Nemedh.
The kin /
Fine
and Derb
- Fine
was a more restricted kinship to second cousins in the male line -
marriage outside kin - Nobles outside the Tuath. Individual freemen
(Saor)
possessed an honour price (Log nEnech),
which was an assessment of his dignity. Client ship (Celsine) was
armed attendance and other services by the Cele
/ Client who was normally a commoner and his Lord (flaith)
who
received protection and material support with no loss of independence.
A jurist (Brithem)
was one who only expounded the
Brehon Law to assist the
King in his judgements and was trained in a law school.
225 BC
the Romans defeated the Cis - Alpine Gauls and the
Gaesatae at Telamon who were
composed of a vast Gaulish army including warriors brought in from beyond the
Alps who were caught between the Roman forces. The
Gaesatae who invaded
Asia Minor came from beyond the Alps also and where always naked in the forefront of the battle
line and wore only gold torcs around their necks and gold armlets.
218 B.C.
62.Rory
“Mor”-
the Greater who was the
Gaelic Milesian
Irian
86th King of Tara
/
Erinn,
died this year, who
was descended from
37.Ir, (Irians) and is the
direct
male line ancestor of the
Clann - na - Rory
Sept.
His sixth son was to be the
direct ancestor of
68.Conal
“Cearnach”
- of the
Victories
the leader of the
Knights of the Red Branch of
Ulster
the compatriot of Cuchulainn, and
the
direct male line
ancestor of the
O Moores
in
Co. Laois in
Southern Leinster
and the
O Dunlevys,
Mac Guinness, Mac Gowans and many other important Irian Families
in the
Ulster
Province
and
the
Connacht
Province.
71.Ionadmhar
became the
Heberian
87th
King of
Tara / Erinn, who was a son
of
70.Niadh
"Seaghaiman" the previous
83rd King of Tara / Erin
descended from 37.Heber
"Fionn."
+On to
200 BC - 100 BC