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                                                                                     1st Century AD 

      According to Ptolemy, the Roman historian, at this time there were various tribes recorded as existing in Ireland.

 Ulster Province: the Robogdii Sept were in Co. Antrim in the north - east while the Darini Sept were below Armagh / Eamhain Macha in the south - east and the Dal Fiatach Sept were also near Dunum there in Co. Down and the Voluntii Ulaid Sept were below the Darini with the Regia Sept in between to the west of Eamhain Macha / Armagh also in the south - east, which was their main territory. The Ebdani Sept were in the south - east in Co. Cavan below the Voluntii and above Laberus. The Vennicnii Sept were in Co. Donegal in the north - west with the Erdin Sept in Co. Fermanagh in the south - west.              

 Connacht Province / Sreng's Fifth: the Erdin Sept were also nearby to the south in the west of Loch Ern in Co. Leitrim in Northern Connacht and the Nagnate Sept were in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of Connacht near Castlebar / Nagnata, while the Auteini Sept were in the far - west in Co. Galway in the south of Connacht who were also later to evolve into the Uaithne Sept in Co. Limerick and Co. Tipperary in the north of Munster Province.   

Leinster Province: the Blanii Sept were below Laberus in in Co. Meath in the south - east of Northern Leinster and to the north - west of Eblana, which was on the mid - coast in Co. Dublin in the north - east of Southern Leinster and there was also the settled region of Macolicum in the centre in Co. Offaly in the north - west of Southern Leinster with the Cauci Sept below Eblana in Co. Wicklow in the south - east and to the north - east of Rheba in Southern Leinster. The Dumnonii / Domnainn Sept were below Rheba to the north - west of the Coriondi Sept in Co. Wexford in the south - east of Southern Leinster who may have evolved later on into the Coraind Sept in Co. Sligo in the north - west  of the Connacht Province and also the Cuirenrige and Dal Cuirind?) (The Dumnonii were also in Briton and Cornwall.) The Menapii / Monaig Sept were in Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster to the south - east of the Dumnonii with the Usdiae Sept to the north - west of the Coriondi who may have been the early occupiers of the territory later to become the kingdom of Ossory in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster. (Later the Menapii also were to evolve into the Fir Manach Sept in Co. Fermanagh in the south - west of the Ulster Province.) There was also a settlement region of Menapia below the Coriondi near the coast of Co. Wexford in the south - east of Southern Leinster.

    Munster Province: the Concani Sept were in Co. Clare in the north - west, which was at this time still part of Southern Connacht and they were above Regia Alterior on the River Shannon, while the Gangani Sept were below in Co. Limerick in the mid - north - west (who were also in the north of Wales) with the Luceni Sept to the south - west of them. The Brigantes were in Co. Waterford in the south - east (and were also in northern Briton during the Roman occupation) and were above the Vodiae Sept in Co. Cork in the south, while the Uterni Sept were also in Co. Cork to the south - west of them, and the Velabri Sept were in Co. Kerry in the south - west and to the north - west of the Iverni an Erainn Sept who were to be the base for the Ithian Corca Loigde Sept who were situated to the north - west of the Uterni.

  Ireland had been previously divided up into 5 Cuigi / Five Fifths / Provinces, which all joined together at the Hill of Ushnagh in Co. Westmeath in the Midlands / Mide / Meath in the west of Northern Leinster situated ten miles south - west of Mullingar at the Stone of Divisions / Ail na Mirian. Of these 5 Cuigi, Ulster Province in the north under the Gaelic Milesian Irian Ulaid Septs was to become the most predominant at this time but later on Sreng's Fifth / Connacht Province in the west was to become pre - dominant. The territory, which was to be captured physically from Southern Connacht in the early 4th Century AD as “sword - land“ by the Heberian Septs of the Tuath / Tuadh Muman in Tuaisceart Mhumhain / Thomond / Northern Munster under 89.Lewy / Lughaidh "Meann" - of the Irish Sea would become what is now the east of Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province. Although geographically it was still to be the most southern part of Connacht Province situated below Co. Galway down to the River Shannon estuary it would then become a part of Northern Munster under the direct rule of the Heberian Dal gCais Sept. In the territory situated between the Munster Province, controlled by the Heberian Septs, and in the south - west of Southern Leinster, was the kingdom of Ossory originally of the Osraige Sept who were initially Erainn Fir Bolg Celts who had held out there in their own right against the Laigin / Leinster Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Septs and who were to come under the control of the aristocratic warrior Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla Septs there. Like so many of the individual Clanna the Fir Bolg and the Laigin / Leinster Septs were to be absorbed within the aristocratic warrior Gaelic Families there and Ireland was to still remain basically a Celtic Country for over a 1,000 years until the advent of the Teutonic Viking invasions in the late 8th Century AD. The Celtic aristocratic warrior Gaels descended from 34.Breoghan, 35.Bile, 36.Mil, 37.Heber (Heberians), 37.Heremon (Heremonians) and 37.Ir (Irians) were to eventually gain total control over Ireland, a long with their Gaelic kinsman descended from 36.Mil's uncle and cousin, 35.Ithe and his son, 36.Lewy / Lughaidh in Southern Munster. In the west of Munster eventually were to be the Septs of the Deisi Muman, Eoghanacht Ui Liathain, Fir Maige Fene, Heremonian Ui Conaire Muscraige Breogain, Cenel nAeda, Ciarraige Cuirche, In Deis Deiscirt, Arada Chliach, Uaithne, Arada Tire, the Heremonian Ui Conaire Muscraige Tire and the Ui Duach.

73.Maeve / Medb the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Queen of Connacht died during this Century.

                                                                                           +On to 0 AD - 100 AD 

                                                                          

 Situated on the western bank of the Hunter River, midway between Muswellbrook and Denman the doorway to the Heart of Australia's "Horse Capital" in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales., Australia.  

                                                                                   John & Sue Markham  

                                              RAINBOW FARMS  603 Roxburgh Road., Muswellbrook., 2333.

                                                                 02 65 479 100 - Fax: 02 65 479 102         E - Mail: www.rainbowfarms@bigpond.com