17th Century AD
The
Population of
Ireland was now at 1,400,000 and at this time nearly
one eighth of
Ireland
was still under natural
forest.
Blount - the English Earl of Mountjoy appointed the Lord - Deputy in
Ireland by Elizabeth 1st continued on with her "Scorched Earth" policy and the ethnic and religious persecution of the Catholic
Irish
and Anglo - Irish and for further land confiscations and English Church of
England Plantation in
Ireland.
1601 AD James Fitz Thomas Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Irish Catholic
16th Earl,
of Desmond, tries to defend the
Munster Province and was betrayed by
Edmund Fitz Gerald - Fitz Gibbon the White
Knight for a 1,000 pound reward from
Elizabeth 1st.
Phillip 11 the King of Spain sends a Spanish fleet to
assist the Irish Septs at Kinsale in Co. Cork in
Southern Munster and the Northern
Ui Niaill Chieftains, Hugh
"Roe" O Donnell - "The O Donnell"
and Hugh "Dubh" O Niall - "The O Niall" take their followers
down to Kinsale in Munster to assist the
Spanish
forces and the Irish Septs defending in Munster with the
Ui Niaill Septs also under attack in
the
Ulster Province and all was to be
lost there.
1602 AD The end of Gaelic Ireland is occurring under
the savagery of the English commander,
Mountjoy who is to carry out the "Slash &
Burn" policy of all things Irish for Elizabeth 1st in Ireland.
Donnell "Cam"
O Sullivan the Irish Heberian
Eoghanacht leader is also defeated in
the
Munster Province and all his property taken and he decides to
head north with 1,000 of his followers
to escape the ongoing violence in Munster and join
up with Hugh "Dubh"
O Niall - "The O Niall"
in the Ulster Province,
Brian "Oge"
O Rourke - "The O Rourke" in the adjoining
north of the Connacht Province and
Hugh Maguire - "The Maguire" in
the south - west of
Ulster.
1603 AD
It was during this year that the
Plague
broke out in
Dublin.
1603 -1606 AD The second promised Spanish expedition
does not eventuate and
the Irish and Anglo - Irish in turmoil with heavy losses all round to
the superior English weaponry and Militia numbers all over Ireland as the "Slash and
Burn" policy is continued on under Mountjoy
with no recourse or let up.
Irish and Anglo - Irish Catholic leaders forced to
submit with
the Provinces of
Connacht, Leinster &
Munster under the control of the English forces
after 9 Years of resistance by the Irish Septs and the Anglo - Irish against the ethnic and religious oppression of
Elizabeth 1st as Hugh
"Dubh" O Niall surrenders to
Mountjoy to try and bring to an end the bloodthirsty carnage
on the Irish population, with out the knowledge that Elizabeth 1st had
already died.
James V1 of Scotland
the French Stuart King is in as James 1st the new
English King and the Irish Septs were now expecting a better deal as his mother was
Mary
the Catholic Queen of Scots and he was also originally of Irish Gaelic
blood descending from the Scottish Kings of Dal
Riada
but ethnic and religious conditions become even worse with much more
confiscations of Irish land occurring
and the Irish Septs driven off. Vastly increased Episcopalian & Presbyterian Plantations
were to occur to further consolidate the
Ascendancy in Ireland over the Catholic Irish & Anglo - Irish.
1607 - 1610 AD The "Flight of the Earls" occurred as the last Irish Chieftains in
the
Ulster Province are charged with
Treason and Attainders put
on their heads to get them out of Ireland and along with 75 others they go to Rome
and Spain and new English towns
are founded in Ireland that are also fortified against the remaining Irish Septs
and their leaders who are banned from
the cities with England now in complete control of Ireland and constructing even
more castles against the Irish. More then 3, 000,000
million acres are now also confiscated in Ulster
alone and English Episcopalian & Presbyterian Calvinist ministers also installed and
conforming
to these religions was the only way to
survive and obtain any advancement in Ireland with the authority of the Irish Kings & Chiefs
gone.
Mainly Lowland Scots into
Ulster
with the
Gaelic speakers coming from Argyll
and Galloway in the Highlands.
1611 AD More land confiscations and more Episcopalian Calvinist
Planters
into Ireland by James 1st and further new Irish Penal Laws.
1616 AD Hugh "Dubh" O
Niall - " The O Niall," died in Spain.
1618 AD Irish leases granted to Irish tenants although
against English Law,
due to the massive amount of confiscations of Irish land.
1619 AD "Black Tom" Wentworth a
Puritan in the English Parliament purchases land in Ireland.
1620 AD 2,500,000 acres already
confiscated in Ireland now in the hands of 2,000
introduced sectarian Planters.
1621 AD French Calvinist Huguenots brought into Ireland
also as Planters.
1622 AD 6 of the 9 Counties in
the Ulster Province planted with
13,000 Planters and a
Ward System was introduced to rear
children as
Episcopalian and Calvinists and confiscation of their Estates, which
further upset the Anglo
- Irish / Old English.
1623 AD Charles the son of James 1st, who was the
English Prince of Wales
went to Spain with his advisor the Earl of Buckingham intending to marry
the Spanish King's Infant daughter who rebuffed his
advances. - Gaelic Irish
names banned in Ireland.
1625 AD James 1st, died and his son,
Charles 1st in as the new French Stuart King of England.
1626 AD Charles 1st proposes
51 Graces - Human Rights for the Irish
Catholics in Ireland for annual financial considerations.
1627 AD 2,000 more Planters into
the Ulster Province and expulsion if not
conforming to the
Episcopalian Church of England and English habits.
1628 AD Irish and Anglo - Irish Catholics agree to pay Charles 1st
40,000
pounds a year for 3 years to receive the
51 Graces - Charles 1st's advisor the
Earl of Buckingham was assassinated in England -
Black Tom Wentworth breaks from
the Puritans in the English Parliament and joins in
with Charles 1st in England to
increase his revenues further. - Charles 1st appoints
Richard Boyle 1st
English Earl of Cork to run Ireland for him.
1630 AD Geoffrey Keating - Gaelicized as
Ceitinn begins a "History of Ireland."
1631 AD The Book of Invasions was compiled. -
Scottish Presbyterians begin to leave the
Ulster Province for America on the
Eagle Wind.
1632 AD "Black Tom" Wentworth appointed by
Charles 1st to run Ireland and
raise increased revenues for him was guaranteed
100% support from Charles 1st
the English King. -
James Butler 12th English Earl of Ormonde in
Co. Kilkenny - Ossory in the south - west of the
Leinster Province is the first
of the Butlers to be raised also as an Episcopalian
in England. - "Black Tom" Wentworth agrees to bring in
the 51 Graces for a payment of
20,000 pounds a
year for the Catholic Irish but nothing eventuates.
1635 AD "Black Tom" Wentworth ups the price to
40,000 pounds a year
to allow the 51 Graces, which were never to occur
and also claims all of the
Connacht Province personally for
Charles 1st who also has his Episcopalian Church of England Bishop
Laud push their new version of
the Church of England on Ireland and Scotland.
1632 - 1636 AD
- The Annals of Ulster of the 4 Masters
was
composed in the Abbey in Co. Donegal in the west of
the Ulster Province.
1637 AD Confiscation of further land now also
occurred in Co. Clare and
Episcopalian Church of England adherents Planted there
also and the Anglo Irish / Old English fear
the same for them and rents increased and new land grants to the
merchants in
London of confiscated land in the Ulster
Province and Ireland
divided into 32 Counties of
41 Boroughs with 2 votes each to mainly
Anglo -
Irish.
1638 AD Scottish Presbyterians produce a
National Covenant in Scotland
against the wishes of Charles 1st and
confiscations for not conforming
occurs and a
Scottish Rebellion in Scotland while "Black Tom"
Wentworth continues to alienate everyone in England & Ireland.
1640 AD Another 22,000 English Episcopalian Church of England adherents
were Planted in Ireland and "Black Tom" Wentworth
impeached by his old allies in
the English Puritan Parliament
and there is a Scottish defeat of the English in a battle in England.
1641 AD 3,000,000 acres in Ireland now
confiscated and
sectarian Planted during which the Irish Septs had been driven above the
600' level to
starve to death. - "Black Tom"
Wentworth beheaded in England by the Puritan Parliament. - English Civil War
occurs with the Royalist forces of Charles
1st against the English Puritan Parliament. - Irish Confederacy
formed composed of Irish Septs
and Anglo - Irish Catholics in Ireland who form an Irish Government in Ireland.
1642 AD The Mere Irish revolt against the
imposition of Planters on their confiscated lands
and the English Puritan Parliament
introduces Adventurers Act to sell off afurther
2,500,000 acres of Irish land and
Eogan "Roe"
O Niall and the Anglo - Irish
Thomas Preston were
back in Ireland as commanders for the Irish
Confederacy.
1643 AD Truce between Charles 1st and the
Irish Confederacy for a payment
of 30,000 pounds to Charles 1st. -
Scottish Parliament holds to Solemn League &
Covenant with the English Puritan Parliament. -
James Butler the English Earl; of Ormonde acting
for Charles 1st refuses to consider
Irish Catholic Emancipation. -
Murrough O
Brien of the Burnings also raised as an Episcopalian in England
abandons
Charles 1st and is now with the Puritan Parliament forces attacking
the
Munster Province.
1645 AD
Edward Somerset
the
Earl of Glamorgan
for
Charles 1st agrees to
some rights for Irish Catholics for
10,000 Irish men to fight for Charles 1st who then
denies the agreement was made
with the Irish Confederacy to save his own neck.
1646 AD James Butler the English Earl of Ormonde
finally concludes peace with the Irish Confederacy. -
Eogan "Roe"
O Niall
defeats the Scottish Army at Benburb in the Ulster
Province.
1647 AD English Civil War ends with the Puritan
Parliament now in control under Oliver Cromwell and
Murrough O Brien joins Charles 1st forces again.
1648 AD Murrough O Brien concludes a peace with the
Irish Confederacy and James Butler the
Royalist English Earl of Ormonde now trying once again to ally with
Irish Confederacy and
Murrough O Brien.
1649 AD James Butler the English Royalist Earl of
Ormonde concludes a peace with the
Irish Confederacy in support of
Charles 1st and the Irish Government handed over
leadership to him on behalf of Charles 1st who was
now executed by Oliver Cromwell and the English
Puritan Parliament. -
James Butler now for his son, Charles the Prince of Wales
and Oliver Cromwell in Ireland
carrying out terrible massacres on the Irish and Anglo - Irish. -
Many Irish castles and
Institutions are totally destroyed by Oliver Cromwell and his forces. - Dubhaltach
Mac Firbis
begins his History of Ireland.
1650 AD The Presbyterians
in Scotland wanted a Covenant
of a separate
Scottish
Parliament and
their own Presbyterian religion and this was
to be agreed to by
Charles the Prince of Wales for their support who would
totally ignore them when
he was in as Charles 11.
1657 AD Irish and Anglo - Irish transplanted
by Oliver Cromwell to "Hell
or Connacht."
1658 AD Oliver Cromwell, died.
1660 AD Charles 11 in as the new
French Stuart English King and Scottish
Presbyterian Parliamentarians denied access to him.
1661 AD Non - Conformists to the Episcopalian Church of England "proclaimed"
and the burning of the
Presbyterian Solemn League and Covenant
and 70 of their ministers removed from their positions in Ireland.
1662 AD
The merchants in the
new English Ascendancy
Parliament were in charge again and an
English Act was then also passed,"
To forbid the export of Irish wool,"
1663 AD 800 claims
were heard for the re - instatement of
Cromwell confiscated land in Ireland of which
700
were confirmed for the return of the Irish land with more claims to be
heard, which frightened those previous
Planters who had also been put in during
Oliver Cromwell's rule. Another
English Act "To
restrict Irish trade with the Colonies and cattle exports to England during June
and December."
1664 - 66 AD Saw the
Second Anglo
- Dutch War where the English Ascendancy Parliament attacked the Dutch without
any warning before they even declared War, on New Amsterdam.
1665 AD
Another English Act
by the merchants in control
there that Irish
export of cattle, milk, butter and
cheese was
forbidden - That
Non - Conformists to the
Episcopalian Church of England - Ireland must not conduct services within
5 miles of a town."
1666 AD
The
merchants in the English Ascendancy
Parliament made the prohibition for the export of
live cattle from Ireland during June and December
absolute.
1670 AD
An English
Navigation Act prohibiting the importation of goods
by the Irish
from the
Colonies ensuring that they
were first landed in England.
1671 AD The
Irish Population was now at
1,700,000.