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1616 AD Black Hugh O Niall "The O Niall" who was to be the last of the Irish titled Chieftains from the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Septs in the Ulster Province, died this year at Simancas in Spain, and was also interred in the Church of San Pietro di Montorio in Rome.

The English Ascendancy system whereby the English Crown controlled the ward ships of minors entitled to any property, at their discretion, was also used in the further seizures and Confiscations of Irish land, and was to be a great revenue earner for James 1st the 1st French Stuart English King and really upset the Anglo - Irish / Old English in Ireland.

At this time there was still an Irish Catholic church at Dromore West in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province, surviving, which is now only a ruin.

1617 AD During this time Teague / Tadhg O h lUiginn from Co. Sligo in the north west of Northern Connacht and Eochy / Eochaidh O LEoghasa from Co. Fermanagh in the south - west of the Ulster Province nearby were 2 of the great Irish poets. - The Gaelic Celts in the Highlands of Scotland and the Gaelic Celts in Ireland were still united at this time.

At Dingiven in Co. Derry in the north - east of the Ulster Province, previously the original territory of the O Cahans / O Kanes from the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain, the merchants from the English Skinners Company, built a castle there against the remaining Irish Septs in that region.

Donnell "Cam" O Sullivan the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Chieftain, who had stood up to the English onslaught was now given the title of the Count of Beare Haven by the Spanish King Philip 111, which upset James 1st the French Stuart English King, no end.

1618 AD Due to the great amount of Irish land that had been Confiscated by the English, leases and sub - leases of Irish land were now increasing to the Irish themselves, although it was against English Law, as they were always drifting back to the original territory of their individual Septs, where the Scottish Presbyterian Planters and the English Episcopalian Church of England Planters found they really needed them to work all of their confiscated Irish land, even though fines were levied against them for doing so. James 1st the French Stuart English King gave Derry in Co. Derry in the north - east of the Ulster Province to the newly formed English - Irish Society who built a town there and encircled it with walls one mile around and with 7 gates to keep the Irish Septs in that area out. - This year, Malcolm Hamilton built a castle at Monea in Co. Fermanagh in the south - west of Ulster against the Irish Septs there.

Sir Richard Wingfield who was previously given the 26,000 acres at Bray in Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster in 1608 AD was this year created the English Earl of Powerscourt by James 1st the French Stuart English King.

July: Donnell "Cam" O Sullivan originally the Heberian Eoghanacht Chief of Beare in Co. Cork who was now in Spain where he had received the title of Count of Beare Haven, died this month, after being stabbed in the neck by John Bath of Anglo - Irish origins who was suspect as to who put him up to it.

The aged Hugh mac Hugh “Dubh” O Donnell the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conall "Tánaiste," died, who had been a brother to Manus mac Hugh O Donnell "The O Donnell" and their father had been Hugh “Dubh” O Donnell who had died in 1537 AD.

David Rothe became the Anglo - Irish Catholic Bishop of Ossory / Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster until 1650 AD.

Sir Walter Raleigh, died this year, who had been previously granted large Estates of land in Ireland at Youghal in Co. Cork in Southern Munster by Elizabeth 1st, after acting as her Undertaker in the non - Catholic Plantation of Munster Province. He had also previously received 220,000 acres in the Ulster Province, which he lost in a card game over night, so she had then given him 40,000 acres of the Confiscated territories of the Fitz Geralds of Desmond known as "Myrtle Grove" where one of his original houses is still standing.

1619 AD Adam Loftus, a nephew of the Episcopalian Church of England Archbishop of Dublin, was appointed by James 1st the French Stuart English King to be the English Chancellor in Ireland, a position which he was to hold until 1629 AD when he was to become the English appointed Lord Justice in overall control in Ireland with Richard Boyle the English appointed 1st Earl of Cork.

James 1st, the greedy French Stuart English King, was still selling English Baronies for money. - The 25' high walls constructed around Derry City in Co. Derry in the north - east of the Ulster Province, to keep out the Irish Septs, were completed, which are still there today. - Crom Castle was also built at Newtown Butler in Co Fermanagh in the south - west of Ulster 5 miles to the west on the Upper Loch Erne by the Planters there to defend themselves against the displaced Irish Septs in that region. - Salter's Castle was also built on Loch Neagh south of Ballyronan in Co. Derry for the same reason and the ruins are still there to see. - Castle Upton at Templepatrick in Co. Antrim in the north - east of Ulster was also built this year for the same purpose.

Thomas "Black Tom" Wentworth who was later to become the English Earl of Strafford and English appointed Lord Deputy in Ireland, under James 1st's even more greedy son, Charles 1st, at this time purchased all of the available country between Tinahely in Co. Wicklow and Shillelagh in the south - east of Southern Leinster and was to last visit the area in 1639 AD.

1620 AD By this time although there were now 2,500,000 Irish acres in the hands of 2,000 of the Planters in 3 of the Irish Provinces, there was still only 1 Parish out of 6 that had a Church of England / Ireland minister in them and in the meantime the Lords of the Isles, the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Colla Uais Irish Scottish Mac Donnells / Mac Donalds in Co. Antrim the north - east of the Ulster Province had caused a Catholic revival there. Co. Wexford in the south - east of Southern Leinster had by now been successfully English non - Catholic Planted while Co. Leitrim in Northern Connacht and Co. Longford nearby in the north - east of Northern Leinster were not going along as well as James 1st the French Stuart English had planned. - Meanwhile, the Heberian Cianacht O Carrolls of Ely from Birr Castle in Co. Offaly in the north - west of Southern Leinster were outlawed and the territory of their Chief of Ely O Carroll were also Confiscated and granted to Sir William - Lawrence Parsons the English appointed Planter Undertaker. All of this continuing repression by the English Government under James 1st only further united the Old English / Anglo - Irish with the Mere Irish who were being more and more effected in the two most common causes of both religion and land.

The Quin Abbey built by the Mac Namaras in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province, which contained many of their Family tombs, was given over to Donough O Brien the English appointed 4 Earl of Thomond together with the Tithes of the parish.

During this year Captain O Sullivan originally also from Beare in Co. Cork in Southern Munster, who was now in the Spanish Navy, put out a book on the effects and troubles during the "9 Rebellions in Ireland under the ethnic and religious oppression of Elizabeth 1st " / The Elizabethan Wars.

+On to 1621 AD - 1625 AD

Situated on the western bank of the Hunter River, midway between Muswellbrook and Denman the doorway to the Heart of Australia's "Horse Capital" in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales., Australia.

John & Sue Markham

RAINBOW FARMS 603 Roxburgh Road., Muswellbrook., 2333.

02 65 479 100 - Fax: 02 65 479 102 E - Mail: www.rainbowfarms@bigpond.com