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1561 AD Shane O Niall the Proud "The O Niall" stated that 700 farmers had moved up to the Ulster Province from out of The English Pale to gain his protection, and to make his intentions well known he drove off Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Irish Earl of Kildare and Butler the English appointed Earl of Ormonde and also made contact with France for assistance, which came to nothing. He also had captured Calvagh O Donnell and formed a serious affection for his wife, Catherine Mac Lean who after Calvagh O Niall's demise he was to eventually marry and they were to produce the unfortunate Art O Niall who was to die in 1592 AD while escaping from incarceration in the Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre) and Hugh “Gavelach” O Niall who was to be executed in 1590 AD. (At this time also the English Earl of Sussex had warned Elizabeth 1st about the hazard of trying to force the Episcopalian Church of England on to Catholic Ireland.)

1562 AD Shane O Niall the Proud "The O Niall" decided to destroy the Scottish settlement of the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Colla Uais Mac Donnells in Co. Antrim in the north - east of the Ulster Province, who were galloglasses / mercenaries by profession, and then in a further show of what his intentions were attacked the south of Ireland were Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Irish Earl of Kildare and Butler the English appointed Earl of Ormonde could not stop his onslaught.

The Catholic Christ Church Cathedral in Dublin in north - east of Southern Leinster, which was originally begun by Strongbow and Laurence O Toole, the Irish 1st Catholic Archbishop of Dublin from the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge Sept, on the original site of an ancient Celtic fort had also previously been Confiscated and taken over by the Episcopalian Church of England. By now it too had also fell into decay with the roof actually caving in and damaging Strongbow’s tomb. (Much later on it would be restored to its original condition at a cost of 250,000 pounds by Mr. Roe a Dublin brewer).

Brian O Niall, died, who was a brother to "Black" Hugh O Niall who was to be the English appointed 1st Earl of Dungannon in the Ulster Province as they were both the sons of Ferdoragh / Feradach O Niall, who had been an older half - brother to the younger Shane O Niall the Proud "The O Niall" who were also both sons of Conn “Bacach” O Niall - "The O Niall" the 1^st English appointed Earl of Tyrone.

1563 AD Shane O Niall the Proud from the "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain "The O Niall" who was by now "England’s Greatest Fear" was this year driven back out of Co. Armagh in the south - east of the Ulster Province.

Donnell O Sullivan the 26 year old Heberian Eoghanacht Chief of Beare Haven and Bantry in Co. Cork in Southern Munster, was killed by his kinsman, Mac Gilli Cuddy, and as his son, Donnell "Cam" O Sullivan was too young his uncle, Owen O Sullivan became the new Chief there until 1592 AD while his other uncle, Philip O Sullivan was made "The Tanaiste" (heir apparent) and given control over Ardea Castle on the River Kenmare. The young Donnell "Cam" O Sullivan was then taken and educated as usual (as were all the sons of the Irish Chiefs) in Waterford in Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province for an English purpose, which once again was to also backfire on Elizabeth 1st and the English officials in Ireland. The O Sullivan Clann as Eoghanacht Sept in the Munster Province were at this time still subject to their overlord the Heberian Eoghanacht Chief, "The Mac Carthy Mor," who also had his territory in Co. Cork.

1564 AD Howth Castle was built at Howth near Dublin in the north - east of Southern Leinster as a further defence against the Irish Septs around The English Pale. - The River Owenogarney is in the territory of the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Caisin Clan Cuilean Mac Namaras.

1565 AD Shane O Niall the Proud "The O Niall" from the "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Sept besieged The English Pale around Dublin and this time burned the English settlement also at Armagh in Co. Armagh in the south - east of the Ulster Province.

Donnell Mac Carthy "Mor" "The Mac Carthy Mor" had also acknowledged the English Crown under surrender and re - grant of the territory of his particular Heberian Eoghanacht Sept and had then been appointed the English Earl of Clan Carthy and the O Sullivans now under Owen O Sullivan followed suite and was also given a knighthood also becoming Sir Owen Sullivan. Controlled rents were now introduced on their own people against the Irish Brehon Law of Celtic Irish Tanistry, which was re - division of the land among the Irish Septs.

Grace Dieu Abbey the previous home of the St. Augustine Catholic nuns in The English Pale around Dublin in the north - east of the Southern Leinster, was destroyed and used to build Turvey House in the north - west of Donabate near Dublin.

The Catholic Bishops of Ossory from now on were only to have supervisor authority there as exiles until 1620 AD except for Thomas Strong who would continue to reside in Ireland under threat of death from 1583 AD until 1584 AD.

1565 - 1576 AD Geraldine War. The Fitz Geralds the Anglo - Irish Earls of Desmond held the territory from Dungarvan to Co Kerry - Co Limerick to Co. Cork and were by now the most powerful Anglo - Irish Family in the south of Ireland who were up against the Butlers the English appointed Earls of Ormonde, and as Elizabeth 1st the Welsh English also wanted control over all of the Munster Province they also began attacking the Desmond Geraldine Fitz Geralds.

1566 AD Shane O Niall the Proud from the "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Sept, "The O Niall" burnt the English settlement at Armagh again in the south - east of the Ulster Province, but had to flee back to his Castle on Loch Neagh in Co. Antrim after he was thoroughly defeated at Lough Swilly while trying to extend his authority further in the Ulster Province, by Hugh “Dubh” O Donnell his "Northern" Cenel Conaill kinsman who was the Tannist (heir apparent) in Tir Conaill / Tyrconnell (The Land of 88.Conall "Gulban)." Hugh “Dubh” O Donnell had his fortress in Donegal Castle in Co. Donegal in the west of Ulster and was the head of the secondary family of the "Northern" Ui Niaill who controlled the river crossing at Mullaghnashee north west of Bally Shannon. For some unknown reason Shane O Niall was to see fit to flee to the Mac Donnells for sanctuary although they were his Irish - Scottish enemies in Co. Antrim in the north - east of Ulster.

1566 - 1576 AD Theobold Butler was the English appointed 3rd Earl of Cahir and Kilkenny in Co. Kilkenny / Ossory in the south - west of Southern Leinster, which was the site of the Butler fortress.

+On to 1567 AD - 1570 AD

Situated on the western bank of the Hunter River, midway between Muswellbrook and Denman the doorway to the Heart of Australia's "Horse Capital" in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales., Australia.

John & Sue Markham

RAINBOW FARMS 603 Roxburgh Road., Muswellbrook., 2333.

02 65 479 100 - Fax: 02 65 479 102 E - Mail: www.rainbowfarms@bigpond.com