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1537 AD Hugh / Aed "Dubh" - of Dark Complexion O Donnell "The O Donnell" was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King of Tir Conaill / Tyrconnell (The Land of 88.Conall) in their territory in Co. Donegal in the west of the Ulster Province.

The English Pale at this time in Ireland took in the coastal region of Co. Dublin in the north - east of Southern Leinster, parts of Co. Meath in the south - east of Northern Leinster, Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster and Co. Kildare in Central Southern Leinster. Henry VIII now had the 40 most powerful Lords in Ireland submit to him in exchange for serfdom with English titles to be granted and among these were Conor O Brian who became the 1st English appointed Earl of Thomond / Northern Munster, Conn "Bacach" O Niall "The O Niall" the 1st English appointed Earl of Tyrone (The Land of 88.Eoghan) in Central Ulster, Mac William Burke of Galway in Co. Galway in Southern Connacht and Mac William Burke the Earl of Clan Rickarde in the Connacht Province.

May 1st: Henry VIII introduced his own system of English land ownership into Ireland and also had himself officially declared the Head of the Catholic Church of England and had another Act passed to have all the monasteries in Ireland suppressed and their lands confiscated to the English Crown, including Grey Abbey in Co. Down in the south - east of the Ulster Province. At Baltimore in Co. Cork the Ithian O Driscoll Castles of Baltimore and Dunalong were destroyed and there was also an O Driscoll Franciscan Friary on the border of Co. Cork and Co. Waterford.

The Heberian Dal gCais leader Murrough "The Tannist" O Brian of Inchiquin in Co. Clare also now succumbed to survive and was to receive gifts of land and titles for his own family and his descendants to give up his Celtic Irish rights in Co. Clare in north - west Munster, which were not his to give up in the first place under the Irish Brehon Law but belonged as a whole to all the Dalcassian Septs there. - Co. Longford in north - west Leinster the previous territory of the Irian O Farrells - O Ferrells, which had been taken over and held by the English Earls of Shrewsbury were now also taken over by Henry V111.

Hugh “Dubh” O Donnell, died this year, who was the father of Manus O Donnell, and another Hugh O Donnell - The Tánaiste who would die in 1618 AD, with Manus becoming the father of Calvagh O Donnell who was to die in 1566 AD who was to marry Catherine Mac Lean and they both were to produce another Hugh O Donnell who would die in 1588 AD and Conn “Garbh” - the Rough O Donnell who would die in 1625 AD. Catherine Mac Lean was also to have a personal connection with Shane O Niall the Proud who was to marry her after Calvagh's death and they were to produce Hugh “Gavelach” O Niall who would die in 1590 AD who would be the rival of Black Hugh O Niall the English appointed 1st Earl of Dungannon, 2nd English appointed Earl of Tyrone and eventually "The O Niall" in his own right, and was also to produce Art O Niall who was to die while escaping from Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre) with young Red Hugh O Donnell. Manus O Donnell also produced Hugh “Dubh” O Donnell - "The O Donnell" who was to die in 1600 AD who from his first wife was to produce Donnell O Donnell who would die in 1590 AD and Siobhan who was to be the second wife of Black Hugh O Niall the previously mentioned English appointed 2nd Earl of Tyrone. Hugh “Dubh” O Donnell was also to be married to Fionnuala Mac Donnell - Ineen "Dubh" from whom he was to produce the young Red Hugh - of Red Complexion - who would become "The O Donnell" also, Fionnuala who was to marry Niall “Garbh” O Donnell, and the younger Rory O Donnell who was to die in 1608 AD who would be the last of The O Donnells, who was to be the father of another Manus O Donnell who would be killed by another Niall “Garbh” O Donnell in 1691 AD.

1538 AD Kilkenny College in Co. Kilkenny in south - west Leinster was founded by Piers Butler the 8^th English Earl of Ormonde & 1st English Earl of Ossory.

Hugh - Aed "Buidhe"- of the Yellow Hair O Donnell - "The O Donnell "was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Northern Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King of Tir Conaill - Tyrconnell in their territory in Co. Donegal in the west of the Ulster Province.

Henry VIII demolished the smaller Catholic monasteries in Ireland and confiscated their lands to add further to his coffers and suppressed the Maynooth College previously founded by Garrett "Oge" Fitz Gerald, the recently deceased 9th Anglo - Irish Earl of Kildare.

1539 AD Conor 3rd O Brian was the Heberian Dal gCais King of Thomond / Northern Munster.

This year also saw the continuing suppression and confiscation of the Catholic Institutions, which were fervent centres of devotion in Ireland to only further increase the revenues of Henry V111.

1539 - 1551 AD Murrough O Brian the Tannist became the last Heberian Dalcassian 57th King of Thomond / Northern Munster when Conor O Brian, his brother died, who were both sons of Turlough "Don" - of Brown Complexion O Brian and he was by now well and truly under the heel of Henry V111.

Henry VIII now went after the larger Catholic monasteries in Ireland to further increase his wealth and Dunbrody Abbey in Co. Wexford in south - east Leinster was suppressed and the Bishop there Alexander Devereux took up the position as the Bishop of Ferns, while St. Patrick's Church at Duleek in Co. Meath in north - east Leinster was handed over to the English Planters who were then in control of Drogheda and the land of the Knights Hospitallers in Dublin at Phoenix Park of 2,000 acres was also seized. The Book of Kells "The most Beautiful Book in the World" was also seized as English Crown property from the monastery at Kells - Ceanannus Mor in north - east Leinster.

Hugh “Dubh” O Donnell - "The O Donnell" the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King of Tir Conaill / Tyrconnell (The land of 88.Conall) in Co. Donegal in the west of the Ulster Province and O Connor the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Chief in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province made a mutual - treaty agreeing to be excommunicated by the Catholic Archbishop of Tuam and satirised by three poets if they broke it.

James Butler became the 9^th English Earl of Ormonde and the 2nd English Earl of Ossory until 1546 AD, who was a son of Piers Butler the previous 8^th Earl of Ormonde and 1st English Earl of Ossory in Co. Kilkenny in south - west Leinster.

1540 AD The O Donnells the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill Sept were also forced to finally do homage this year to Henry V111, as prior to this date due to their isolation none of their Cenel Conaill Kings and Chiefs had ever paid homage to any of the English monarchs.

Henry V111 had achieved his goal in Ireland of disposing of the Fitz Geralds with Garret "Oge" Fitz Gerald the 9th English Earl of Kildare dying in the Tower of London, his older son, “Silken” Thomas Fitzgerald executed by hanging at Tyburn, and his 5 brothers also executed, and the real power of the Geraldine dynasty was now gone and the Geraldine League that had been formed to support his younger son, Gerald, which had included the Old English Nobles Anglo - Irish and the Irish Chiefs, had also collapsed and submitted to Henry V111. There would now be no Irish Chief left in Ireland who would be strong enough to control the whole of Ireland. The Geraldine stronghold of Maynooth Castle had also been betrayed to the English by a foster - brother of "Silken" Thomas, but it had done him no good as his reward was to have his head cut off also by the English, and the castle was forfeited to the English Crown and when the surviving defenders in the Maynooth Castle in Co. Kildare in Central Southern Leinster surrendered they too were put to death.

+On to 1541 AD - 1550 AD

Situated on the western bank of the Hunter River, midway between Muswellbrook and Denman the doorway to the Heart of Australia's "Horse Capital" in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales., Australia.

John & Sue Markham

RAINBOW FARMS 603 Roxburgh Road., Muswellbrook., 2333.

02 65 479 100 - Fax: 02 65 479 102 E - Mail: www.rainbowfarms@bigpond.com