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1491 AD June: The Anglo - Irish Parliament asked Henry V11 the Norman Lancaster English King, to excuse Gerald "Mor" Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Irish 8th Earl of Kildare from being summoned to England, as the danger to "The English Pale" at this time was too great from the Irish Septs. The Earl of Kildare also wrote personally himself, stating that he had to intervene in the Munster Province and the Connacht Province where he was supported by his kinsman, Fitz Gerald the Earl of Desmond, other Anglo - Irish in Roche, de Courcy and Sir Piers Butler. (No reply was forthcoming from Henry V11.)

November: To add to the Yorkist / Lancaster turmoil, Perkin Warbeck, claiming to be Richard the Duke of York, another of the 2 young Yorkist Princes, who had been held in the Tower of London by Richard 111 and seemingly disposed of landed at Co. Cork in Southern Munster. He stated that he had escaped from the Tower and he was also well received and supported by Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Irish Earl of Desmond in Southern Munster.

December: Henry V11 sent James Ormonde, who was an illegitimate son of James Butler the 6th English Earl of Ormonde and Thomas Garth to Ireland with 200 English soldiers to fortify and defend the English held "Butler" territory of Ormonde, against the Irish Septs in the territories surrounding there. This took in part of Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province, but was mainly in the adjoining territory in Co. Kilkenny / Ossory in the south - west of Southern Leinster, and also Waterford in Co. Waterford in the south - east of Munster

1492 June: Henry V11 dismissed Gerald "Mor" Fitz Gerald the 8th English Earl of Kildare from office, by which time Perkin Warbeck had left Ireland and English authority in Ireland was now divided between the Archbishop of Dublin and Walter Fitz Simons, (who had replaced the Earl of Kildare as the English Deputy in Ireland), and James Ormonde who took the title of Governor and Treasurer. Other Geraldine supporters were also removed, which ended the Earl of Kildare’s control also over the Anglo - Irish Council in Ireland and a situation of Civil War was very close to occurring between Butler the English Earl of Ormonde and the Earl's Geraldine supporters. The Heberian Dal gCais O Brians in Thomond / Northern Munster supported the Butlers, and the O Connors in Co. Offaly in the north - west of Southern Leinster supported the Geraldines, so Thomas Garth decided to invade Co. Offaly, and while he was doing so the Earl of Kildare took him prisoner and hung his son. It was decided to bring the dispute between the Anglo - Irish to an end and Sir Thomas Butler, who was now the English appointed 7th Earl of Ormonde, and his enemies the Geraldines made an arrangement to meet at St. Patrick’s Church in Dublin to discuss the issue and after they had a slight skirmish outside a hole was then cut into the doorway so that they could both shake hands without any chance of personal injury to each other.

Cuvea Mac Namara the son of John Mac Namara, died this year.

This year Penrisede Culvey sailed with Christopher Columbus from the city of Galway in Co. Galway in Southern Connacht.

1493 AD Conn "Mor" O Niall "The O Niall" was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Tir Eogain / Tyrone in Central Ulster. - Henry / Enri "Oc / Og" - the Younger O Donnell from the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Cenel Conaill was the King of Tir Conaill / Tyrconnell who had their territory in Co. Donegal in the west of the Ulster Province.

The Anglo - Irish Parliament had already put through an Act of Resumption, on behalf of Henry V11, which was last tried in 1341 AD.

James Lynch Fitz Stephen the Mayor of Galway City, who was from one of the 14 "foreign" Tribes of Galway, hung his own son, Walter, from the upstairs window of his house this year so all could see, as he had killed the son of a Spanish visitor and he could not get anyone else to do it.

March - June: Henry V11 the Norman Lancaster King of England sent 3 armies composed of 400 English Militia in all to Ireland and the fighting continued. In June: At Oxmantown Green in Dublin in "The English Pale" there was a riot, and Fitz Simons and James Ormonde could not control the events that were now occurring there, and in the Summer Henry V11 was to replace them with Preston / Lord Gormanston. In the Autumn: Gerald "Mor" Fitz Gerald the 8th Earl of Kildare was with Lord Gormanston, Garth and others who all went to England to discuss the situation in Ireland with Henry V11, while the English Earl of Ormonde and Fitz Simons had gone earlier. (Perkin Warbeck was also still at large gaining further support for his Yorkist claim to the English throne).

1494 AD September12th: Sir Edward Poynings was appointed the English Deputy in Ireland by Henry V11 and in October: A further 400 English Militia were landed at Howth near Dublin in "The English Pale." November: The English Militia moved on the Ulster Province with the Fitz Gerald Earl of Kildare and James Ormonde attacking the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn 3 Colla O Hanlons there in Armagh. A quarrel developed between Sir Edward Poynings the English Deputy and the Gerald "Mor" the Earl of Kildare, and this ended their combined campaign against the Irish Septs and the Earl of Kildare was later arrested and Attainted (Off with his head) for treason by the Anglo - Irish who were now under English control in the Anglo - Irish Parliament and he was sent as a prisoner to England were he was imprisoned in the Tower of London by Henry VII as a Yorkist sympathiser.

December: The English controlled Anglo - Irish Parliament met at Drogheda in Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster who were now under Sir Edward Poynings the new English Lord - Deputy / Viceroy in Ireland who had been sent over with an English Army to introduce legislation to suite Henry V11 the English King. This was to be known as the "Statute of Drogheda," intended to make the Irish and Anglo - Irish politically sub - servant to the English Privy Council and English Law. He introduced numerous new Irish Penal Laws into Ireland, which removed the independence of the Anglo - Irish Parliament, who now could not meet and make Laws for Ireland without Henry V11's and the English Privy Council's approval. All the public offices including the Judges were from now on under English influences and all of the Irish influence was gone, as had been requested by Henry V11 to reduce Ireland to, "Whole and perfect obedience." (Before this the Anglo - Irish Parliament had met annually.)

As the Scots were also giving England trouble, Sir Edward Poynings the appointed English Lord Deputy in Ireland had to return to England, and the English King, Henry V11 was then fully aware of the hold the Gerald "Mor" Fitz Gerald the 8th Earl of Kildare had in Ireland and he put him back in as the English appointed Lord Deputy in Ireland although he really wanted to put a large English Military force into Ireland instead, but the English Parliament controlled by the merchants who had put him in to power in the first place would not provide the funds.

1495 AD (After this date and for the next 41 years up until to 1536 AD under Henry V11 and his son, Henry V111 the Anglo - Irish Parliament would only be allowed to meet 8 times) In March this year, Gerald "Mor" Fitz Gerald the 8th Earl of Kildare was once again taken to England as a prisoner, but within a few months realising his real value once again to him in Ireland the English Parliament cancelled the Attainder put on his head.

Teague was now the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn King of Tir nAililla who still had their territory in Co. Sligo in north - west of the Connacht Province.

1495 AD July: Perkin Warbeck's Yorkist supporters invaded the south - east of Ireland, and Sir Edward Poynings the appointed English Lord Deputy in Ireland had to take the English Militia south to lift the siege being carried out on the English stronghold in Waterford in Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province who were supporters of Henry V11 the Norman Lancaster King of England. Perkin Warbeck was now forced to move on to Scotland, and was no longer seen as a threat in Ireland and the English administrators with Sir Edward Poynings approval began to carry out more English reform in Ireland.

+On to 1496 AD - 1500 AD

Situated on the western bank of the Hunter River, midway between Muswellbrook and Denman the doorway to the Heart of Australia's "Horse Capital" in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales., Australia.

John & Sue Markham

RAINBOW FARMS 603 Roxburgh Road., Muswellbrook., 2333.

02 65 479 100 - Fax: 02 65 479 102 E - Mail: www.rainbowfarms@bigpond.com