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1461 AD AD John Butler, became the 6th English Earl of Ormonde / Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster until 1477 AD, who was the second son of James Butler the previous 4^th Earl of Ormonde.

Turlough "Cairprech" O Donnell was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King of Tir Conaill / Tyrconnell who had their territory in Co. Donegal in the north - west of the Ulster Province.

1461 - 1466 AD Teague / Tadhg "An Chomahaid" O Brian of Comahad at Inchiquin in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province, who was the eldest son of Turlough "Bog" / the Soft O Brian became the King of Thomond & Munster and also a contender for the overall Kingship of Ireland. To strengthen his position he had the Inchiquin Castle built as a residence nearby the Inchiquin Loch near Corofin in Co. Clare and due to the English presence now being weak he forced them to pay him rent the same as Mahon "Moinmoy" O Brian had done previously. He then took a huge Dalcassian army to begin his challenge for the overall Kingship of Ireland into the south of the Munster Province were he gained control of all of Co. Limerick and then moved on to besiege the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla kingdom of Ossory / Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster in Mogha's Half. He was by now the strongest Irish Chief in the south of Ireland but as the Winter months were coming on he decided to return to his stronghold at Inchiquin near Corofin in the west of Co. Clare. He would never be able to reach his full potential and combine all of the Munster Septs as he was to die in 1466 AD.

1462 AD Eamonn Mac Risderd / Richard Butler of Pottlerath founded the Augustinian Friary at Callan in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster and his son was to construct the buildings there from 1467 - 1470 AD, which are still in existence today. Youghal situated on the east coast of Co. Cork in Southern Munster was granted a Charter as a town this year.

Sir John Butler the 6th English Earl of Ormonde / Co. Kilkenny / Ossory, like his deceased father before him, also tried to raise support for the Lancaster cause in Ireland but was defeated in battle by Thomas Fitz Gerald the 7th English Earl of Desmond at Piltown near Carrick - on - Suir and his kinsman, Edmund Mac Richard Butler of Polestown was then given control over the Co. Kilkenny English over - lordship. The Battle of Pilltown then occurred and Edmund Mac Richard Butler was taken prisoner by Thomas Fitz Gerald the 7th Earl of Desmond for the Yorkists under the auspices of the English Yorkist King, Edward 1V, and he took Kilkenny and other towns in the Ossory territory held by the Butlers. As Edmund Butler had supported the Lancaster King, Henry 1V, Thomas Fitz Gerald demanded his book of Irish History as a ransom and even had parts of it restored himself.

1463 AD This year, Teague / Tadhg was now the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Tir nAililla who had their territory in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province and Bared mac Matthew / Maiu was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Tir nAmalgaid / Tir Awley who had their territory in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of Connacht.

Thomas Fitz Gerald the English appointed 7th Earl of Desmond was put in as the English Lord Lieutenant in Ireland and was told by Edward 1V the English Yorkist King to keep everything in Ireland English. Reginald’s Tower in Waterford in Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province was turned into a Mint.

In the Summer: Turlough O Donnell the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King who had his territory in Co Donegal in the north - west of the Ulster Province and other Irish Chiefs went to Dublin to ally with Thomas Fitz Gerald the 7th Earl of Desmond while Roland Fitz Eustace had urged Thomas Fitz Gerald the English 7th Earl of Desmond to make himself the Anglo - Irish King of Ireland.

Edward 1V the English Yorkist King who was also the English Earl of March and of Ulster sent a gift of a robe to Henry O Niall in the Ulster Province who was the Heremonian U Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King, who in reality had supremacy there, hoping to protect the Marches / frontiers of "The English Pale" in Co. Louth and Co. Meath in Northern Leinster from attack by the Irish Septs there. William Sherwood, the English born Bishop of Meath, who had been close to Edward 1V's father, Richard of York came out in opposition to Thomas Fitz Gerald the 7th Earl of Desmond and went to England to lay charges against him for his Irish way of doing things but despite this he was able to clear his name and was retained in office. He improved government business especially in the Anglo - Irish Parliament and outlying areas and as instructed strongly pursued the Anglicization of the Irish and also pushed for the Drogheda University to be founded.

Turlough O Brian the Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain King of Munster became a vassal of Henry O Niall the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King hoping for assistance against his kinsmen the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niall Cenel Conaill O Donnells and the Anglo - Irish Burkes in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of the Connacht Province.

1464 AD This year, Thomas Fitz Gerald the 7th Earl of Desmond founded a Franciscan Friary at Adare in Co. Limerick in the north - west of the Munster Province were there are still 2 ancient Churches and a Desmond castle was also built there and he also built St. Mary's Collegiate Church in Youghal on the east coast of Co. Cork in Southern Munster. It too was also to be eventually taken over by the Episcopalian Church of England after the Confiscation of the Irish Catholic Church Institutions and lands later on by Henry VIII. Thomas Newbury who was the Mayor of Dublin in "The English Pale" for the 9th time was created an English Knight and would be Mayor again n 1467 AD.

This year, Cedach O More was the Gaelic Milesian Iran Ui Morda King of the Laogis Septs who had their territory in Co. Laois / Leix in the mid - north - west of Southern Leinster. A Dominican Friary was built at Burrishoole in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of the Connacht Province.

1465 AD Cormac "Laidir"/ the Strong Mac Carthy the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Chief of Muskerry founded a Franciscan Friary on the River Bride at Kilcrea in Co. Cork in Southern Munster.

+On to 1466 AD - 1470 AD

Situated on the western bank of the Hunter River, midway between Muswellbrook and Denman the doorway to the Heart of Australia's "Horse Capital" in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales., Australia.

John & Sue Markham

RAINBOW FARMS 603 Roxburgh Road., Muswellbrook., 2333.

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