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1441 AD The Anglo - Irish Council wanted the the English born in Ireland / Old English / Anglo - Irish to have the same rights in England as the English born in England, and because of this previously imposed prejudice against them, it made them feel their actual Irish identity more, which then also boosted that inward emotion that they already felt under the frontier conditions of being Anglo - Irish in Ireland.

1443 AD Fineen and Dermot Mac Gilla Patrick, two of the sons of Mac Gilla Patrick the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla King of Ossory / Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster were treacherously slain in Kilkenny City in Co. Kilkenny at the instigation of the Norman English Baron, Mac Richard Butler.

1444 AD James Butler the 4th English Earl of Ormonde / Ossory / Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster and Sir John Talbot the English Governor in Ireland finally came to a mutual agreement and Talbot's son married Butler’s daughter but this would not see the end of their internal conflicts.

1445 AD This year a castle was built at Fethard / Fiodh Ard / The High Wood in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province of which there are some ruins still there in existence and the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Mac Carthys also constructed another castle at Carrigaphooca in Co. Cork in Southern Munster.

1446 - 1459 AD Turlough "Bog" / the Soft O Brian now deposed his brother, Mahon "Dall " / the Sightless O Brian and became the next Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain King of Thomond / Northern Munster and was also a son of Brian "Catha an Aenagh" O Brian and a younger brother to Teague "na Glenmoor" O Brian.

Cormac "Laidir" / the Strong Mac Carthy the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil King of Muskerry and the English appointed Baron of Blarney rebuilt the Blarney Castle in Co. Cork in Southern Munster and an Augustinian Abbey was also constructed this year at Banada on the River Moy in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province.

1447 AD Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Irish Earl of Desmond / Southern Munster who had Irish leanings along with the Gaelic Milesian Irian O More the Chief of Co. Laois / Leix in the mid - north - west of Southern Leinster and Mac Gilla Patrick the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla Chief of Ossory besieged Kilkenny City in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster and the adjoining Co. Tipperary in north - east of Munster Province. This was the territory now under the control of James Butler the English Earl of Ormonde. 76 towns and 16 churches were destroyed and many there were killed and prisoners taken, cattle and property regained from all of those English who had been Planted there on the land of the Irish Septs.

1448 AD Cormac mac Sean was now the Heberian Cianachta Luigni King who had their territory at Leyney in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province.

Donnell Mac Carthy Mor the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Chief of Desmond / Southern Munster founded the Muckross / Irreelagh monastery on Loch Lein in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province for the Franciscan friars where he was to be eventually interred and it came to operate as an Irish Catholic Heberian Eoghanacht cemetery only. The Irish Chieftains from the Mac Carthys, the O Sullivans and the O Donoghues were to be buried there and it also contains the remains of the 3 Co. Kerry poets Egan O Rahilly, Geoffrey O Donoghue and Owen "Roe" / of Red Complexion O Sullivan. (The Anglo - Norman Earls of Co. Kerry were to be buried at Ardfert Abbey.) In the 20th Century AD the Muckross Estate together with the Friary and 10,000 acres was to be purchased back and donated to the people of Ireland by Arthur Vincent who was then from America, as a National Park.

1449 AD Donough / Donnchad was now the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Breifne who had their territory in Northern Connacht.

The Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain O Brians of Thomond / Northern Munster and the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla Mac Gilla Patricks / Fitz Patricks from Ossory / Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster who both held territory in Mogha's Half fought many battles at Aherlow in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province. The O Brians who had held the adjoining area for over 300 years built Moor Abbey, a Franciscan Friary, there while the Mac Gilla Patrick / Fitz Patricks constructed a castle at Aghmacart in Co. Laois in the mid - north - west of Southern Leinster.

The heir - apparent to the English Monarchy, Richard of York was sent to Ireland to act as the English Lord Lieutenant and won respect from the Anglo - Irish / Old English gentry and his wife gave birth to their son, Edward while in Ireland, which further strengthened their ties to Ireland.

This year, James Butler the English 4th Earl of Ormonde founded an Augustinian Friary at Callan in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster where later on Brother Rice the founder of the Christian Brothers was to be born. The Anglo - Irish Walls / de Valle / An Faltagh family who had become "More Irish then the Irish" constructed Garraunboy Castle 2 mile south - east of Adare in Co. Limerick in the mid - north - west of the Munster Province.

Bartholomew O Flannigan was the Prior of the original monastery founded by St. Molaisse, where also St. Finnian had been a pupil on Devenish Island in Co. Fermanagh in the south - west of the Ulster Province and the Anglo - Norman Bissetts / Mac Eoins / Mac Keowns built a Franciscan Friary at Glenarm in Co. Antrim in the north - east of Ulster. Later on in the 16th Century AD during the 6 Rebellions under Elizabeth 1st, her "Greatest Fear" the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Chief, Shane O Neill's body would be buried there after his head was cut off and pickled and sent to Dublin to be impaled on the spikes at Dublin Castle.

1450 AD Richard of York the English Lord Lieutenant in Ireland returned to England due to the ongoing conflict between the descendants of John of Gaunt, the Lancasters and the Yorks, building up to the War of the Roses. Robert Burnell who was to be the Mayor of Dublin in 1454 AD, 1458 AD & 1461 AD in "The English Pale" was created an English Knight.

This year, Peter Butler was buried in his tomb at Jerpoint Abbey in Co. Kilkenny in the south - east of Southern Leinster. The O Brians from the Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain Sept had Inchiquin Castle constructed at Corofin in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province while another new castle was built by the Dal gCais Ui Caisin Lord Marshall, Mac Con Mac Sioda Mac Namara. "The O Flaherty" the Chief of the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Seola Sept founded a Dominican Friary 2 mile north on the road to Ballynahinch Loch from Roundstone in Co. Galway in Southern Connacht. The O Donnells from the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill Sept built a Franciscan Friary at Kilmacrenan previously Doire Eithne / Eithne's Oak Wood in Co. Donegal on the River Leannan on the original site of 91.St. Columba's / Columbcille's Abbey on land owned by his mother, Eithne, and where he had put his nephew, the son of Neanan in charge, and the ruins are still there to be seen. Doon Rock 2 mile west of Kilmacrenan was the Inauguration Place of the O Donnells of Tyrconnell and to the east is the Holy Well of Doon, which has great healing properties.

+On to 1451 AD - 1460 AD

Situated on the western bank of the Hunter River, midway between Muswellbrook and Denman the doorway to the Heart of Australia's "Horse Capital" in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales., Australia.

John & Sue Markham

RAINBOW FARMS 603 Roxburgh Road., Muswellbrook., 2333.

02 65 479 100 - Fax: 02 65 479 102 E - Mail: www.rainbowfarms@bigpond.com