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1391 AD The English Spencers sold their Estates in Co. Kilkenny / Ossory in the south - west of Southern Leinster, to James Butler the 3rd English Earl of Ormonde, who also received Kilkenny City where the Norman English Parliaments were to be continued to be held in the 13th, 14th and 15th Centuries AD. James Butler then moved his stronghold to Co. Kilkenny / Ossory after buying the Manor there and built Kilkenny Castle at Gowran / Gabhran (The Place of Horses) there also, where the original Anglo Norman Parliaments had been held. It was to be the Chief seat of the Butlers from 1391 - 1936.( It was originally the fortress of the Mac Gilla Patrick (Fitz Patrick) Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla Ossory Kings.) Previously, after the death of of Richard de Clare / Strongbow, (who had been the original leader of the Anglo - Norman Invasion), who had his confiscated territories in Southern Leinster granted to him by Henry 11 the Scandinavian Norman 1st Plantagenet King of England, they had been split up by the English in the late 12th Century AD. They had then passed into the hands of Theobold Fitz Walter / Le Buitleir / the butler of John "Lackland", the son of Henry 11, who had become the Scandinavian Norman 2nd Plantagenet English King after his father. (Theobold Fitz Walter had been the original direct ancestor of James Butler the 1st English Earl of Ormonde).

The Book of Ballymote, that was compiled at the Ballymote Friary situated to the east of Kesh in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province that is now also only a ruin, was composed of 500 pages of Irish Genealogy and Irish History, which included the key to the Ogham writing of the Tuatha da Danann. It had been continued on from the Book of Leinster, in which the entries therein had concluded in 1130 AD. It was originally purchased by the O Connell Family for 140 Cows, to endeavour to preserve it, and it can now also be found in the Royal Irish Academy in Dublin in Southern Leinster. It contains the lineage of the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid U Turlough Ui mBriain Septs of Thomond / Northern Munster with pedigrees up to the present time of the Ui mBriain King, Brian "Catha an Aengagh" - of the Battle of Nenagh O Brian who would be killed in 1399 AD.

1392 AD Henry / Enri "Aimreid" at this time was the Dal Fiatach King of Ulaid in Co. Antrim and Co. Down in the east of the Ulster Province.

The English Earl of Gloucester was given 34,000 marks.

1393 AD This year, Aed Mac Dermot / Aodh mheic Diarmata was to be the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Moylurg / Mag Luirc who had his territory in Co. Roscommon in the east of the Connacht Province. (He would be followed in this position by Mulrooney / Mael "Ruanaid.") - Manus / Magnus (Norse) was the Heberian Cianachta Luigni King who had his territory at Leyney in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province. - Brian was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Maine King who had his territory in the east of Co. Galway and nearby near Athlone in Co. Roscommon in the east of Connacht.

1394 AD England and France made Peace and Richard 11 the who was to be the last Norman Plantagenet English King, landed in Ireland with a contingent of 34,000 men, and with such a force the Irish Princes gave him no real trouble. He received the homage of the the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid Ui Turlough Ui mBriain O Brians of Thomond / Northern Munster and the the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig Mac Murroughs of Southern Leinster, at Christ Church / Holy Trinity Cathedral in Dublin in "The English Pale" in the north - east of Southern Leinster and gave them all an English Knighthood for their submission.

1395 AD In January - February this year, Mac Murrough, O Byrne, O More, O Toole, O Nolan the Heremonian King of Foherta and other leading Irish Chiefs in Southern Leinster also submitted, and Mac Murrough who was married to an Anglo - Irish wife was confirmed in his possessions and given an English Knighthood also. Noragh O Byrne was also confirmed in his territory in Co. Wicklow there, while his kinsman, O Toole was given permission to continue to trade with Anglo - Irish towns in Southern Leinster.

In March: The Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Mac Carthys and other Irish Chiefs also surrendered in the Munster Province. O Niall, O Brian and O Connor were also given English Knighthoods. Niall “Mor” O Niall also wrote and requested that Richard 11 act as a shield between him and Richard de Burgho / Burke the English Earl of Ulster. Many there agreed that the past rebellions were mainly due to the individual actions of Anglo - Irish Lords, including O Connor "Faly." Richard 11 received further submissions in Latin from Niall "Mor" O Niall and 3 other Irish Princes / Tanaiste from the Leinster Province and the Ulster Province at the Dominican Friary of St. Mary Magdalene's Church at Drogheda in Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster. (At this time, Thomas Owghren, Jonathon Pado and John Pado, were also created English Knights).

O Donnell the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King of Tir Conaill (Tyrconnell) now Co. Donegal in the north - west of the Ulster Province, the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn 3 Colla Kings in Co. Fermanagh in the south - west of Ulster and Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province, and the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin O Connor Kings of Connacht did not submit. As soon as Richard 11 left Ireland with his massive army it was back to business as usual for the Irish as they continued their attacks on the English.

In February: Richard 11 the Norman King of England informed the English Parliament that the Irish people were only "Rebels" because of the wrongs that had been done to them in the past, and of a lack of any remedy and there were actually 3 types in Ireland, the English, the Irish Rebels, and the Wild Irish / Mere Irish, which included O Donnell the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Cenel Conaill King, who had his territory in Co. Donegal in the north - west of the Ulster Province, who had not submitted. From this date the use of the term King / Ri for the Celtic Gaelic Irish was to be dropped in Ireland, and Mac Carthy the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil King of Desmond / Des Mhumhain / Southern Munster became known now as "The Mc Carthy Mor" - the Greater.

November: Richard 11 the Norman King of England wrote to Niall "Mor" O Niall the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King in the Ulster Province to invite him to visit Westminster in England.

1396 AD In February: Donough O Brian the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid U Turlough Ui mBriain King of Thomond visited England and was granted 80 marks per annum as an Irish "Captain."

August: Donough O Brian returned to England with Thomas Kavanagh from the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig Sept who represented Mac Murrough the King of Leinster in the south - east of Southern Leinster and 10 other Irish Chiefs there.

December: O Carroll of Ely the Heberian Cianacht King in the north - east of the Munster Province also visited England and accompanied Richard 11, the Norman English King to Calais in France, and it was crucial now that Gerald Fitz Gerald the 3rd English Earl of Desmond / Southern Munster and James Butler the 2nd English Earl of Ormonde in Co. Kilkenny in Southern Leinster should play their part in the scheme of things. (Instead they only took this opportunity to bolster their own individual positions at the expense of the Irish Chiefs.) Edmund Mortimer the Earl of March, who was the appointed English Viceroy in Ireland for Richard 11 took the opportunity to besiege Co. Longford in the north - west of Northern Leinster, and also the territory nearby in Co. Cavan in Southern Ulster defeating the Irian O Farrells / O Ferrells there and the O Reillys from the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin East Breifne Sept. He also attacked Niall "Mor" O Niaill the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill King of Ulster Province for no reason at all, and was accompanied by James Butler the 3rd English Earl of Ormonde, and Gerald Fitz Gerald the 3rd English Earl of Kildare and other Norman English Barons and slowly rebellion was to return in Ireland stirred on once again, by their own personal ambitions and opportunism.

1397 AD Although rebellion was now occurring once again in Ireland, with Southern Leinster now in an outright state of war. Richard 11 the Norman English King had to cancel a further expedition to Ireland, Instead, Christopher Preston, John Bedlow, Edmund Loundres, John Loundres, William Nugent, Walter de la Hyde and Robert Caddell were all created English Knights by Edmund Mortimer the English Earl of March who was the English appointed Lord Lieutenant in Ireland for Richard 11, for successfully carrying out an attack on the the territory of the Heberian Dal gCais UI Bloid Ui Turlough Ui mBriain in Northern Munster.

1398 AD The English Earl of Surrey was given 11,500 marks per annum. but the English Plantations continued to deteriorate to the Irish foothills with protection money now being paid to the Irish Septs themselves by the English Planters.

This year, Niall "Og / Oc" the Younger was the Dal Fiatach King of Ulaid in Co. Antrim and Co. Down in the east of the Ulster Province. - Mael Seachlann O More was the Irian Ui Morda Laoghis King in Co. Laois / Leix in the mid - north - west of Southern Leinster. - Rory / Ruaidri was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Moylurg / Mag Luirc in their territory in Co. Roscommon in the east of the Connacht Province. - Art mac Airt was the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig King of Leinster. - Mulrooney / Mael "Ruanaid" was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Tir nAililla (The Land of 87.Ailill) in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province.

Gerald Fitz Gerald the 3rd English appointed Earl of Desmond, died, and his successor Fitz Gerald became the 4th English appointed Earl of Desmond who was to mysteriously disappear while living in the castle beside Loch Gur in Co. Limerick in the north - west of the Munster Province and a legend grew up in that district that every 7 years at Loch Gur his spirit and his knights can be seen galloping around the surface there until the silver shoes of their horses are worn out. The Fitz Geralds were by now mainly in control of Southern Ireland at this time while the O Nialls and O Donnells, who were both from the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill controlled the Ulster Province.

July: The "ferocious" Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge O Byrnes and O Tooles, who were the Irish Chiefs in Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster, now go on the attack and kill the younger Edmund Mortimer the English Earl of March the appointed English Viceroy in Ireland for Richard 11 the Norman English King in a battle at Kellistown / Callan in Co. Kilkenny / Ossory in the south - west of Southern Leinster and Richard 11 swears revenge against them as rebellion in Ireland spreads further.

+On to 1399 AD - 1400 AD

Situated on the western bank of the Hunter River, midway between Muswellbrook and Denman the doorway to the Heart of Australia's "Horse Capital" in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales., Australia.

John & Sue Markham

RAINBOW FARMS 603 Roxburgh Road., Muswellbrook., 2333.

02 65 479 100 - Fax: 02 65 479 102 E - Mail: www.rainbowfarms@bigpond.com