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Edward 111 the Norman Plantagenet English King, sent his second son, Lionel the Duke of Clarence to Ireland, who was also the designated English Earl of Ulster, who was married to the daughter of Walter de Burgho the previous Red Earl of Ulster the Red Earl's heiress and only living child, and he was to be later on the appointed English Governor in Ireland. He was to act as Edward 111's Military Commander and brought with him 700 mounted archers, which were to cost a lot in upkeep and the English taxpayers were to complain in the English Parliament. This was then to be followed by a period of heavy subsidies to maintain the English Military oppression in Ireland as they were to once again try and make an all out attempt to push back the frontiers in Ireland surrounding "The English Pale" against the interests of the Irish Septs. Eventually he was able to capture Art Mac Murrough the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig King of Leinster in Southern Leinster and also take over some Irish territory in the Munster Province, which was to increase their revenue base in Ireland. He was also to lay siege to the territory of the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge O Byrnes in Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster where he created Robert Preston, Robert Holywood, Thomas Talbot, Walter Cusack, James de la Hyde, John de Freigne / Freine, Patrick de la Freigne / Freine, Robert de la Freigne / Freine among many others English Knights.

1361 AD - 1376 AD At this time very heavy costs were noted by the English Parliament to maintain their armies in Ireland while they were also engaged in War with France and Scotland at the same time.

1362 AD St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin in the north - east of Southern Leinster was burnt down.

1364 AD Aed "Mor" O Niall finally became the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "Northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Ulster and a junior branch of the O Nialls (the Clann Aedha Bhuidhe / Clannaboy) was firmly established in the north - east of Ulster in the ruins of what had been the Anglo - Norman Red Earldom of Ulster previously controlled by William de Burgho.

Donnell 3rd / Domhnall was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Maine King in their territory in the east of Co. Galway and Athlone in Co. Roscommon in the east of the Connacht Province.

At this time Aed "Remor" was the Dal Fiatach King of Ulaid in Co. Antrim and Co. Down in the east of the Ulster Province.

The Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid Ui Turlough Ui mBriain O Brians had the Carrigogunnell Castle built on the Maigue River in Co. Limerick in the mid - north - west of the Munster Province.

King Edward 111 the Norman Plantagenet English King was made aware of the dissension between the English born in England who were in Ireland as the New English, and the Irish born Old English / Anglo - Irish and could see that a remedy needed to be found.

1365 AD This year, Cormac was the Heberian Cianachta Luigni King who had their territory at Leyney in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province. - Brian was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn 3 Colla King of Orghialla / Airghialla / Oriel who had their territory in Co. Monaghan and Co. Armagh in Southern Ulster.

Mac Dermott "Roe" - of Red Complexion founded the Cloonshanville Abbey as a Dominican Friary at Frenchpark in Co. Roscommon in the east of the Connacht Province that was dedicated to the Holy Cross and the ruins are also still there to see today.

1366 AD Conor / Conchobar was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Mag Luirc / Moylurg in Co. Roscommon in the east of the Connacht Province.

Lionel the Duke of Clarence, who was the son of Edward 111 the Norman Plantagenet King of England, who was married to the de Burgho heiress in the Ulster Province called the Norman Anglo - Irish Parliament together at the behest of his father, at the castle at Kilkenny in Co. Kilkenny / Ossory in the south - west of Southern Leinster to introduce the Statutes of Kilkenny into Ireland. He informed them that there was to be no distinction between the English born in Ireland and the English born in England and that no abusive names were to be used, all with the intention of preserving their "Englishness" and retain their perceived superiority in Ireland distinct of any Irishness. He informed the Parliament that Irish revenues will become profitable, once again, if this policy was kept up. and he introduced 35 Statutes of Kilkenny to wipe out the English "degenerates" and their Irish "enemies." It was directed at the degenerate English, the loyal English, the Anglo - Irish and the Irish "enemy" and their Irish customs, their Irish language, their Irish dress, their Irish games, their Irish manners of riding, their Irish working of the land and their Irish fosterage. Intermarriage with the Irish was now punishable by death, while any Irish ways and the Irish Brehon Law were banned and the Irish clergy were excluded to them also. Anyone of Irish blood was forbidden to live within any walled town." This was to be carried out against any of the English, Old or New, who "live and govern themselves according to the manners, fashion and language of the Irish enemies."

To gain more territory and exclude the Irish further, the English Government authority in Dublin Castle began expanding "The English Pale" surrounding Dublin in the north - east of Southern Leinster, up to Drogheda in Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster and to the south in Southern Leinster from which the Irish were to be totally excluded, At this time it took in the surrounding regions from Co. Wexford, Co. Kildare, Co. Kilkenny in Southern Leinster. nearby Co. Tipperary and Co. Waterford in the Munster Province and Co. Louth and Co. Meath in Northern Leinster. (To further ensure its success they also brought in English Planters from Bristol in England). They then began further ethnic cleansing by continuing to kill as many members of the Irish Septs as possible to try and extend the territory surrounding "The English Pale" even further out, who never the less resisted and fought back against their encroachment into their individual territories. During the ongoing conflicts over this dreadful ethnic policy, Lionel the Duke of Clarence was called back to England to marry the niece of the wealthy Visconti of Milan and this was to create a break between the appointment of the next English Military Governor to Ireland, which then allowed the Irish Septs some breathing space to try and regain a foothold.

1367 AD Cu Chonnacht O Reilly / Ua Raghailligh was the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of East Breifne who had his territory in Co. Cavan in Southern Ulster.

1367 AD - 1369 AD Edward Fitz Gerald the 2nd Earl of Desmond in Southern Munster was briefly appointed the English Justiciar in Ireland with overall Lordship in Co. Kerry and Co. Limerick, and throughout Co. Cork as far as to the west of Co. Waterford with most Anglo - Irish now becoming more "Irish then the Irish" well away from the English dominance in "The Pale" in the east.

1367 - 1369 AD Turlough "Maol" O Brian was the next Heberian Dalcassian Ui Bloid Ui Turlough Ui mBriain King of Munster who was a brother of Mahon "Moinmoy" O Brian, who had died.

1368 AD Niall was the Dal Fiatach King of Ulaid who had their territory in Co. Antrim and Co. Down in the east of the Ulster Province.

1369 AD Phillip / Pilib was now the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Breifne who had their territory in Co. Leitrim in Northern Connacht. - Gerald Kavanagh / Geralt Caomhanach was the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig King of Leinster descended from 113,Diarmait Mac Murrough "na Gall" the 59th King of Leinster. and was to be followed by Diarmait "Lamderg." 1469 AD ?

1369 AD - 1399 AD Brian "Catha an Aenagh" O Brian became the new Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid Ui Turlough Ui mBriain King of Thomond / Northern Munster when he drove out his nephew, Turlough "Maol" O Brian from the position who then went off to Co. Limerick to seek aid from Gerald / Garret Fitz Gerald the 3rd English Earl of Desmond / Southern Munster. Brian "Catha an Aenagh" O Brian and the Mac Namaras met them with a large force of Dalcassians at Croom where many of the English forces were slain and were heavily defeated, including John Fitz Nicholas, Sir Thomas Fitz John, and Garret Fitz Gerald the 3rd Earl of Desmond himself and many other nobles were taken prisoner. The Irish Septs then sacked Limerick City and left Sheeda "Cam" Mac Namara, their Lord Marshall in charge, who was a son of Loghlen "Laidir" Mac Namara and a daughter of O Dwyer. (Sheeda was then murdered there by the English who had remained behind). The English Land Lords began abandoning their Irish Estates and were now selling their holdings back to the Irish due to the English Government prohibiting the passage of men, horses and provisions from Ireland.

In March: William of Windsor was appointed the new English Chief Governor in Ireland and also the English Military Commander, with a substantial army, but he soon fell out with the English Planters when he tried to raise further revenues for the English monarchy.

1370 AD Joanna " Cam" - the Crooked" Mac Namara of Quinn in Co. Clare who was the daughter of Mac Carthy died this year.

St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin in the north - east of Southern Leinster was rebuilt this year and a tower was also added. - An Augustinian monastery was also founded in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of the Connacht Province.

+On to 1371 AD - 1380 AD

Situated on the western bank of the Hunter River, midway between Muswellbrook and Denman the doorway to the Heart of Australia's "Horse Capital" in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales., Australia.

John & Sue Markham

RAINBOW FARMS 603 Roxburgh Road., Muswellbrook., 2333.

02 65 479 100 - Fax: 02 65 479 102 E - Mail: www.rainbowfarms@bigpond.com