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1261 AD Fitz Gerald the Norman - English Baron and the Heberian Eoghanacht Mac Carthys fought a battle at Callain near Toreen Cormick - Tuair Cormaic in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province, which came to no conclusion and they were to return later on for more of the same.

1262 AD With Brian O Niall from the Northern Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain gone the Irish Kings now had no one left to replace him and those who had not yet submitted to the English in desperation offered the Kingship of Ireland to Haaken the Sea King of Norway if he would expel the English

1263 AD Haaken the Sea King of Norway, died, before he could assist them.

1264 AD The first Norman English Parliament was held in Ireland and Walter de Burgho aka Burke was created the English Earl of Ulster whose de Burgo male line was to last until 1333 AD and he set up a lackey in the Ulster Province in Aedh "Buidhe" of the Yellow Hair O Niall from the Northern Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Clann na Buidhe - Clannaboy - who had their territory in the north - east of the Ulster Province to take Brian O Niall's place over the Northern Ui Nialls.

December : Maurice Fitz Maurice took Richard de la Rochelle who was the English Justiciar prisoner along with other magnates in his castle at Lea, and the Geraldine manors in the Connacht Province was attacked by the de Burghos and Civil War followed in Ireland with many tenants dispossessed of their land during the conflict.

1265 AD - 1308 AD Johannes Duns Scotus aka Dr. Marianus was a Franciscan theologian.

Murtough O Mulrooney - Muirchertach O Mail "Ruanaid" was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Mag Luirc - Moylurg in Co. Roscommon in Eastern Connacht.

A truce was finally reached by the Geraldines with the magnates until later on Walter de Burgho the English Earl of Ulster was also seized and held capture for months in Lea Castle causing all turmoil to break loose in Ireland. John Fitz Thomas was on the rampage with O Connor in Co. Kildare in Central Leinster while the Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge O Byrnes, O Tooles and Mac Murroughs in the Wicklow Mountains who where previously settled down besieged the English all around their region. The O Connors were also on the attack in the Connacht Province, and later on in Thomond - Northern Munster the Geraldines supported the Heberian Dal gCais O Brians against the forces backed by Walter de Burgho.

Aed O Connor became the Heremonian Ui Briuin Ai King of Connacht and also began to attack the English forces in Ireland.

1266 AD Donnell - Domnall was the Heberian Cianacht Luigni King in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province.

Hore Abbey was built at the Rock of Cashel in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province for the Cistercian monks from Mellifont in Co. Louth and a Cathedral was built there also.

1267 AD 113.Brian "Roe" - of Red Complexion O Brian, the brother of the recently departed 113.Teague - Tadhg O Brian, who was another son of 112.Conor "na Suidane" O Brian the Heberian Dal gCais King of Thomond wiped out the English garrison at Castle Connell in the city of Limerick and 112.Conor "na Suidane" O Brian decided to assert his authority in the whole of Co. Clare. He met resistance from the O Deas, O Connors, O Hehirs and Conor "Carach" O Lochlainn who came up against him at the wood of Suidane - Suibhdaineach in Drumcreehy north - west of the Burren were he was killed. The Dalcassians buried him at the Cistercian Corcomroe Abbey Church east of the Burren built by his grandfather 110.Donnell "Mor" O Brian were he is commemorated there in a stone effigy. 113.Teague O Brian had also left behind 2 sons of his own, 114.Donough O Brian, and 114.Turlough O Brian who although he was a minor succeeded to the title of "The O Brian." 113.Brian "Ruadh" - Roe - O Brian, his father’s brother, was upset at this decision and he had himself proclaimed the King of Thomond - without opposition - and was to rule for 9 years until 114.Turlough O Brian came of age and with his kinsman, Mac Namara who was the Dal gCais Lord Marshall and his fosterers the O Deas he marched on his uncle who then took his family and all of his property into the north of Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province to escape from the retribution. In desperation, 113.Brian "Ruadh" O Brian and his son, 114.Donough O Brian then went to Co. Cork in Southern Munster were they persuaded Thomas de Clare, the son of the English Earl of Gloucester who was the head of all the Anglo - Norman forces in the Munster Province to help him, offering him all the land between Limerick City and the town of Ardsallas in Co. Clare. They met at Limerick and marched into Co. Clare but when they arrived to attack 114.Turlough O Brian they found that he was away from Thomond and Thomas de Clare built and fortified Bunratty Castle and then put a lot of effort into setting the Irish Septs in Co. Clare against each other using the proven method of the Anglo - Normans of "switching" from one Sept to another to reduce their numbers

The English also built a Castle at Clare Castle - Clar Atha - Boarded Ford - in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province and its ruins are still there near the Bridge.

1268 AD Conor 2nd - Conchobar was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Maine King in the east of Co. Galway & Athlone in Co. Roscommon in Eastern Connacht.

St. Patrick's Church in Dublin was rebuilt as a Cathedral.

The Heremonian Ui Briuin O Malleys submitted to Walter de Burgho the English Earl of Ulster as did the Kings of Connacht except for the area along the River Shannon held by the Heremonian Ui Briuin O Connors.

1269 AD Robert de Ulford the English Justicar of Ireland built the Roscommon Castle on the Tulsk Road in Co. Roscommon in Eastern Connacht, which later on was to come under the control of the O Connor Kings of Connacht for 200 years and the magnificent ruins are still there to see..

Walter de Burgo built a Dominican Friary at Lorrha in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province were St. Patrick had visited to replace the monastery previously built in the 6th Century AD there by St. Ruadan, and still in existence in the Friary are the tombs of the Heberian O Dal gCais O Kennedys, and the Heremonian Ui Maine Mac Egans who were their hereditary Brehon lawyers and professors of the Brehon Law in Ireland who also compiled the Speckled Book - Leabhar Breac.

1270 St. Canice's Cathedral was finished by Geoffrey St. Leger the Anglo - Norman Bishop of Ossory, although there are other finishing dates recorded in 1280 AD and 1285 AD.

The Mac Sweeneys who were also descended from 100.Niall "Glun Dubh" - of the Black Knee the 165th King of Ireland had arrived back into Co. Donegal - Tir Conaill acting as galloglasses - mercenaries and had come over from Scotland to teach the Irish how to improve their weapons and tactics and the Irish were then to carry out guerrilla warfare against the English all over Ireland and were beginning to get the upper hand. Aed O Connor the Heremonian Ui Briuin Ai King of Connacht defeated the Anglo - Normans under Walter de Burgho at the Battle of Ath - an Kip near Carrick on the Shannon.

A Cathedral was built at Cloyne in Co. Cork in Southern Munster.

+On to 1271 AD - 1280 AD

Situated on the western bank of the Hunter River, midway between Muswellbrook and Denman the doorway to the Heart of Australia's "Horse Capital" in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales., Australia.

John & Sue Markham

RAINBOW FARMS 603 Roxburgh Road., Muswellbrook., 2333.

02 65 479 100 - Fax: 02 65 479 102 E - Mail: www.rainbowfarms@bigpond.com